Related shifts
| ID | Relation type | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
-
Comment
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Afrikaans | |
| lexeme | seker | |
| meaning 1 | sure, definite, certain | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | probably | Dis seker wat gebeur het. That's probably what happened. |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | From Dutch zeker, from Middle Dutch seker |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Belarusan | |
| lexeme | напэўна | |
| meaning 1 | certainly, for sure | Крайко, што называецца, дзейнiчаў заўсёды напэўна, ён не любiў працаваць прыблiзна, абы-як. |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | probably | Гукун брыўся паволi, не спешаючыся. Напэўна, тут, у лясным гушчары, ён адчуваў сябе спакойна |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ТСБМ 3, 294 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Bikol | |
| lexeme | seguro | |
| meaning 1 | (rare) sure | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | maybe; probably; possibly; perhaps | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Cebuano | |
| lexeme | seguro | |
| meaning 1 | sure | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | maybe; probably; possibly; perhaps | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language | French | |
| lexeme | sans doute | |
| meaning 1 | certainly, for sure | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | possible | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Komi | |
| lexeme | надейнӧ | |
| meaning 1 | certainly, for sure | сы йылысь тэ, надейнӧ, тӧдан You certainly know about this |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | probably | талун, надейнӧ, воас He will probably arrive today |
| reference | Beznosikova et al. 2000 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Mongolian (Khalkha) | |
| lexeme | магад | |
| meaning 1 | certainly, for sure | би магад чадна I can definitely do it |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | probably | “Мандал” нэгдэл л төлөвлөгөөгөө давуулан биелүүлсэн байж магад perhaps only the Mandal company has exceeded its plan |
| reference | BAMRS 2001-2002 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Polish | |
| lexeme 1 | na pewno | |
| lexeme 2 | pewno | |
| meaning 1 | certainly, for sure | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | probably | Wczesny wieczór, a ja czuję senność. Obezwładniającą. Ziewam do bólu szczęk. Co się dzieje? Pewno skok ciśnienia. |
| reference | WSJP | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Internal cognates | |
| language | Russian | |
| lexeme 1 | наверняка | |
| lexeme 2 | наверное | |
| meaning 1 | certainly, for sure | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | probably | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Borrowing | |
| language | Spanish | |
| lexeme | seguro | |
| meaning 1 | for sure | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (Philippines) probably; maybe; possibly; perhaps | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Lipski, John M. (June 1987), “Contemporary Philippine Spanish: Comments on Vestigial Usage”, in Philippine Journal of Linguistics, volume 18, number 1, page 45 http://php.scripts.psu.edu/faculty/j/m/jml34/philsp.pdf Tagalog siguro 'maybe; perhaps; probably; possibly' was borrowed from Philippine Spanish seguro 'probably; maybe', where Philippine Spanish instead uses segurado ('sure', literally 'assured') for the same sense |
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