Related shifts
| ID | Relation type | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| NEW Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Czech | |
| lexeme | milovat | |
| meaning 1 | to love | Ještě dříve, než se stačil ptát, jaká bude, až se budou milovat, už ji miloval (Milan Kundera). Before he could start wondering what she would be like when they made love, he loved her (Milan Kundera) |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to copulate, make love | Ještě dříve, než se stačil ptát, jaká bude, až
se budou milovat, už ji miloval (Milan Kundera). Before he could start wondering what she would be like when they made love, he loved her (Milan Kundera) |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | English | |
| lexeme 1 | to love | |
| lexeme 2 | to make love | |
| meaning 1 | to love | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to copulate | |
| reference | Merriam-Webster | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Estonian | |
| lexeme | armastama | |
| meaning 1 | to love | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to copulate, make love | |
| reference | EKSS | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Finnish | |
| lexeme 1 | rakastaa | |
| lexeme 2 | rakastella | |
| meaning 1 | to love | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to make love | |
| reference | Kielitoimiston sanakirja | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | French | |
| lexeme 1 | aimer | |
| lexeme 2 | s'aimer | |
| meaning 1 | to love | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to copulate, make love | ils ont demandé / d’une voix tranquille / une chambre pour s’aimer (Edith Piaf) they asked / in a quiet voice / for a room to love each other (Edith Piaf) |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | German | |
| lexeme | lieben | |
| meaning 1 | to love | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to copulate, make love | |
| reference | ABBYY LINGUO | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Italian | |
| lexeme 1 | amore | |
| lexeme 2 | fare all'amore | |
| meaning 1 | to love | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to copulate, make love | |
| reference | ABBYY LINGUO | |
| comment | диалектное fare l'amore Il nuovo dizizonario italiano Garzanti, 1984, p. 54 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Polish | |
| lexeme 1 | kochać | |
| lexeme 2 | kochać się | |
| meaning 1 | to love | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to copulate, make love | |
| reference | WSJP | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Romanian | |
| lexeme | iubi | |
| meaning 1 | to be in love, to feel great affection for a person | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to have sexual relations with a person | |
| reference | MDA2 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Russian | |
| lexeme | любить | |
| meaning 1 | to love | Они любили друг друга всю жизнь They loved each other for the whole life |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to copulate | Они любили друг друга всю ночь. They had sex for the whole night. |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Spanish | |
| lexeme | hacer el amor | |
| meaning 1 | to love | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to copulate, make love | |
| reference | DRAE | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Turkish | |
| lexeme 1 | sevmek | |
| lexeme 2 | sevişmek | |
| meaning 1 | to love | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to make love, copulate | Annen burada diye sevişmek istemedin ama. You said that you didn't want to have sex because your mother was here. |
| reference | Baskakov 1977: 767 glosbe.com | |
| comment | It might be considered as a semantic evolution because the verb sevişmek could mean 'to love each other', not 'to have sex', but this meaning is very rare. |
|
См. об этом переходе: Зализняк Анна А. Многозначность в языке и способы ее представления. М., 2006. с. 382-384.