to have, possess
→
to be, exist
9 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
-
Comment
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Aghul | |
| lexeme | qaa | |
| meaning 1 | to be behind, next to | gada rakːaq qaa The boy is standing behind the door (= is). |
| meaning 2 | to have, to possess (permanently) | zaq sa ruš-na sa gada qaa I have a daughter and a son. |
| reference | ||
| comment | In the same way, the stative faa (originally 'to be near') means temporal being in a place (Majsak, Merdanova 2002). | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ancient Greek | |
| lexeme | ἔχω | |
| meaning 1 | to hold, to have, to posses | |
| meaning 2 | to dwell, to populate | οἱ κατὰ τὴν Ἀσίαν ἔχοντες (Xenophon) those who populate Asia (lit. those who are in Asia) |
| reference | ||
| comment | LSJ 749-751 | |
| NEW Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Bulgarian | |
| lexeme | имат | |
| meaning 1 | to have, possess | той има много пари he has a lot of money |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to be, exist | Има ли някой тук? Is there someone here? |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Croatian | |
| lexeme | imati | |
| meaning 1 | to have, possess | imati kuću; imati novaca; imati psa to have a house; to have money; to have a dog |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to be, exist | ima Boga God exists |
| reference | HJP | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | French | |
| lexeme 1 | avoir | |
| lexeme 2 | y avoir | |
| meaning 1 | to have | Il a beaucoup d'argent He has a lot of money |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to be (in an impersonal construction) | Y a-t-il quelqu'un ici ? Is there someone here? |
| reference | Larousse online | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | Spanish | |
| lexeme 1 | habeo | |
| lexeme 2 | hay | |
| meaning 1 | to possess | habere magnam pecuniam to have a lot of money |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to be, exist | Había mucha gente en la conferencia There were a lot of people at the lecture |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Cf. for the meaning 1 in Spanish: haber (n.) 'property' |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Mandarin Chinese | |
| lexeme | yǒu (有) | |
| meaning 1 | to have | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to be | sòng cháo de shí hòu yǒu gè yuè fēi (宋朝的时候有个岳飞) In the Song Dynasty, there was Yue Fei |
| reference | BKRS | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Russian | |
| lexeme 1 | иметь (imet') | |
| lexeme 2 | иметься (imet'sja) | |
| meaning 1 | to have | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to be | На складе имеются покрышки. There are tyres in the warehouse. |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Serbian | |
| lexeme | имати (imati) | |
| meaning 1 | to have, possess | имати кућу, имати новац, имати кола to have a house, to have money, to have a car |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to be, exist | Воде има увек. Има много биљака са бодљикама. There is always water. There are many plants with thorns. |
| reference | Vujanitsh et al. 2007: 468-469 | |
| comment | ||