hard, solid
→
obstinate, persistent
21 realizations
Multi-area
Related shifts
| ID | Relation type | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| NEW Realization 1 (ID: 43577) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Avar | |
| lexeme | лáбчмахІав | |
| meaning 1 | hard, solid, indestructible | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | stubborn | |
| reference | Gimbatov 2006 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 2 (ID: 20425) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Batsbi | |
| lexeme | č̣[ꞷ]aɣdalar | |
| meaning 1 | to become firm, to harden | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to restrain, to endure | |
| reference | Bertlani (ed.) 2018: 183 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 (ID: 337) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Classical Arabic | |
| lexeme | ṣulb- | |
| meaning 1 | 'hard, firm, rigid' | makān-un ṣulb-un 'A rugged, stony place' |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | 'sturdy, firm' | huwa ṣulb-un fī dīn-i-hi 'he is hard, firm, or strong, in his religion' |
| reference | Lane: 1712 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 4 (ID: 47467) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Crimean Tatar | |
| lexeme | къатты | |
| meaning 1 | hard, solid | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | inflexible, persistent | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Усейнов. С.М. Русско-крымскотатарский, крымскотатарско-русский словарь |
|
| NEW Realization 5 (ID: 27685) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Even | |
| lexeme | бипкэ | |
| meaning 1 | hard, solid, durable, resilient | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | persistent | |
| reference | Robbek, Robbek 2005: 56 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 (ID: 27881) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Even | |
| lexeme | ды̄ӈаку | |
| meaning 1 | hard, solid | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | stubborn | |
| reference | Robbek, Robbek 2005: 102 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 (ID: 12172) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Hungarian | |
| lexeme | kemény | |
| meaning 1 | hard, solid | kemény föld solid ground |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | persistent | |
| reference | Гальди 1974: 357 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 (ID: 12385) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Hungarian | |
| lexeme | kemény | |
| meaning 1 | hard, solid | kemény föld solid ground |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | persistent | kemény katona a persistent warrior |
| reference | Гальди 1974: 357 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 (ID: 22655) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Khamnigan Mongol | |
| lexeme | kerdı- | |
| meaning 1 | to harden (of skin) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to be stubborn (of children) | |
| reference | Damdinov, Sundueva 2015: 194 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 10 (ID: 43919) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Malagasy | |
| lexeme | vý | |
| meaning 1 | hard, solid | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | obstinate, persistent | |
| reference | Korneev 1966: 553-554 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 11 (ID: 47466) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Malagasy | |
| lexeme | mazana | |
| meaning 1 | hard, solid | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | intractable, unyielding | |
| reference | Korneev 1966: 188 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 (ID: 21408) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Malak-Malak | |
| lexeme | ngatal | |
| meaning 1 | tight, crack (too hard to break), be strong | ngatal-nen dry it up/harden it up |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | stubborn | ngatal yide he is stubborn |
| reference | Lindsay et al. 2017: 107 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 (ID: 9974) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Mandarin Chinese | |
| lexeme | yìng (硬) | |
| meaning 1 | hard | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | obstinately | |
| reference | BKRS: 11020 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 (ID: 2075) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Sanskrit | |
| lexeme | dṛḍha | |
| meaning 1 | strong, hard | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | steady, resolute, persevering | |
| reference | Kočergina 1996: 283 MW: 490 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 (ID: 8056) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Sanskrit | |
| lexeme | kāṭhinya | |
| meaning 1 | firmness, hardness | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | firmness of character | |
| reference | Kočergina 1996: 157 MW: 269 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 17 (ID: 34097) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Somali | |
| lexeme | qallafsan | |
| meaning 1 | hard | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | stubborn | |
| reference | Alejnikov 2012 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 19 (ID: 10629) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tigrinya | |
| lexeme | tärrir | |
| meaning 1 | hard, strong, solid, resistant | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | hard and unyielding (person), obstinate, inflexible, stubborn | məstu tärrir säbʔay nägärdo təgäbbər And you have business with that stubborn fellow? |
| reference | TED: 1235 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 20 (ID: 23925) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tundra Yukaghir | |
| lexeme | икльаму- | |
| meaning 1 | to become hard, solid | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to become stubborn | |
| reference | Kurilov 2001: 91-92 | |
| comment | ||
Compare Komi изъюр 'stubborn' lit. 'stone head'.