Related shifts
| ID | Relation type | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | English | |
| lexeme | sponge | |
| meaning 1 | any of various marine invertebrates of the phylum Porifera, that have a porous skeleton often of silica. | sea sponge |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | a piece of porous material used for washing (originally made from the invertebrates, now often made of plastic) | She removed Stranleigh’s coat with a dexterity that aroused his imagination. The elder woman returned with dressings and a sponge, which she placed on a chair. (1913, Robert Barr, Lord Stranleigh Abroad) |
| reference | OED English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Estonian | |
| lexeme | käsn | |
| meaning 1 | sponge (animal) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sponge (material) | |
| reference | EKSS | |
| comment | From Proto-Finnic *käsnä 'callus'. Cognates include Finnish känsä 'callus', Votic tšäzne 'burl', Ingrian käznä 'callus', Ludian käzne 'callus', Veps käzn 'callus' and possibly Livvi käžn'y 'reed'. |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Finnish | |
| lexeme | pesusieni | |
| meaning 1 | bath sponge (Spongia officinalis) | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sponge (implement for washing | |
| reference | Kielitoimiston sanakirja | |
| comment | pesu 'wash' + sieni 'fungus'; calque of Swedish tvättsvamp |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | French | |
| lexeme | éponge | |
| meaning 1 | sponge (animal) | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sponge (material) | |
| reference | NFRS | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Khmer | |
| lexeme | ʼeepong (អេប៉ុង) | |
| meaning 1 | sponge (animal) | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sponge (material) | |
| reference | SEAlang Khmer | |
| comment | From French éponge. |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Romanian | |
| lexeme | burete | |
| meaning 1 | sponge (animal) | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sponge (material) | |
| reference | MDA2 | |
| comment | Inherited from Latin bōlētus 'porcini, an edible kind of mushroom', probably through an intermediate Vulgar Latin root *boletis |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Russian | |
| lexeme | губка | |
| meaning 1 | sponge (animal) | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sponge (material) | |
| reference | BTS | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Spanish | |
| lexeme | esponja | |
| meaning 1 | sponge (animal) | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sponge (material) | |
| reference | DRAE | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Swedish | |
| lexeme | tvättsvamp | |
| meaning 1 | sponge (animal) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sponge (material) | |
| reference | SAOB | |
| comment | tvätta 'wash' + svamp 'mushroom, fungus' |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Thai | |
| lexeme | fɔɔng-náam (ฟองน้ำ) | |
| meaning 1 | sponge (animal) | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sponge (material) | |
| reference | SEAlang Thai | |
| comment | 'foam' + 'water', or 'egg' + 'water' |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ukrainian | |
| lexeme | губка | |
| meaning 1 | sponge (animal) | З дна моря дістають губки і красиві черепашки |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sponge (material) | Целя .. мила лице, шию і рамена м'якою губкою (Іван Франко); Романовська стерла губкою написане і написала, як бажав учитель (Ірина Вільде, Повнолітні діти) |
| reference | SUM-11: 2, 187 | |
| comment | ||