Number of realizations
19
to turn, rotate (intr.)
→
to become
Realization |
Type |
Polysemy |
Language |
Icelandic |
Lexeme |
umsnúa |
Meaning 1 |
to turn |
|
Direction |
— |
|
Meaning 2 |
to transform |
|
Reference |
|
Related Languages |
|
Comment |
Берков |
Realization |
Type |
Polysemy |
Language |
Lezgian |
Lexeme |
elqːün |
Meaning 1 |
to spin, to swirl |
|
Direction |
— |
|
Meaning 2 |
to turn into |
бугъдиз элкъуьн "to turn inot vapour" |
Reference |
|
Related Languages |
|
Comment |
(LezgRus 393) |
Realization |
Type |
Polysemy |
Language |
Swahili |
Lexeme |
pindua |
Meaning 1 |
to turn, to topple |
|
Direction |
— |
|
Meaning 2 |
to transform |
|
Reference |
|
Related Languages |
|
Comment |
Polikanov |
Realization |
Type |
Polysemy |
Language |
Old English |
Lexeme |
awendan |
Meaning 1 |
to turn away/off, avert, remove, turn upside down |
|
Direction |
→ |
|
Meaning 2 |
turn |
He wæter awende to wînlîcum drence "He turned water into winelike drink" |
Reference |
|
Related Languages |
|
Comment |
Bosworth, Toller 61-62 |
Realization |
Type |
Polysemy |
Language |
Azeri |
Lexeme |
dön- |
Meaning 1 |
to turn (back), to roll over |
|
Direction |
→ |
|
Meaning 2 |
to turn into |
|
Reference |
|
Related Languages |
|
Comment |
АзРС 81 |
Realization |
Type |
Polysemy |
Language |
Latin |
Lexeme |
verto |
Meaning 1 |
to spin |
|
Meaning 2 |
to transform |
|
Reference |
|
Related Languages |
|
Comment |
(Glare 2042-2044) |
Realization |
Type |
Polysemy |
Language |
Russian |
Lexeme |
obernut'sja |
Meaning 1 |
to turn |
Я обернулся и увидел уходящий троллейбус. "I turned back and saw a trolleybus go away." |
Meaning 2 |
to turn into |
Обернулась царевна лягушкой. "The princess turned into a frog." |
Reference |
|
Related Languages |
|
Comment |
Cf. also Russian вращаться, превращаться, borrowed from Church Slavonic. It is worth noting also оборотиться 'turn into', оборотень 'werewolf'. |
Realization |
Type |
Cognates |
Language 1 |
French |
Language 2 |
Portuguese |
Lexeme 1 |
tourner |
Lexeme 2 |
tornar-se |
Meaning 1 |
to rotate, turn |
La Terre tourne autour du Soleil. "The Earth revolves around the Sun." |
Direction |
— |
|
Meaning 2 |
to turn into, to become |
|
Reference |
Larousse online
|
Related Languages |
|
Comment |
Cf. also. Portuguese tornassol 'sunflower', apparently derived from the meaning 'turn'. |
Realization |
Type |
Polysemy |
Language |
Spanish |
Lexeme |
volver |
Meaning 1 |
to turn |
volver la cabeza "to turn one's head" |
Meaning 2 |
to transform |
volver en burla "to turn into a joke" |
Reference |
|
Related Languages |
|
Comment |
(Narumov 1995: 797) |
Realization |
Type |
Polysemy |
Language |
Azeri |
Lexeme |
çevir- |
Meaning 1 |
to turn |
|
Direction |
→ |
|
Meaning 2 |
to transform |
|
Reference |
|
Related Languages |
|
Comment |
also çevril- 'to turn over, to turn into' |
Realization |
Type |
Cognates |
Language 1 |
Latin |
Language 2 |
German |
Lexeme 1 |
verto |
Lexeme 2 |
werden |
Meaning 1 |
to turn |
|
Meaning 2 |
to become |
|
Reference |
|
Related Languages |
|
Comment |
|
Realization |
Type |
Polysemy |
Language |
Saamic |
Lexeme |
коаввсэ |
Meaning 1 |
to turn (back) |
коаввэсьт чув гоаррэ кāсвэнѣ "turn your face to the north" |
Direction |
→ |
|
Meaning 2 |
to become similar, to turn into |
пāррьшя коаввэсьт ажэсь коавва; акэшка коаввэсьт оадзэнѣ "The boy started looking similar to his father, the old woman turned into a spider" |
Reference |
|
Related Languages |
|
Comment |
СаамРС, 94 |
Realization |
Type |
Semantic evolution |
Language 1 |
Ancient Greek |
Language 2 |
Modern Greek |
Lexeme |
μετατρέπω |
Meaning 1 |
to turn back |
μετὰ δ᾽ ἐτράπετο "(Achilles) turned back" |
Direction |
→ |
|
Meaning 2 |
to transform |
|
Reference |
Xorikov
Malev 1993 page 514
|
Related Languages |
|
Comment |
Probably Modern Greek meaning appeared under influence French convertir. |
Realization |
Type |
Polysemy |
Language |
English |
Lexeme |
turn |
Meaning 1 |
to turn, rotate (intr.) |
turn towards me! "повернись ко мне!" |
Meaning 2 |
to become |
a. to turn sour; b. to turn traitor; "1) ‘сделаться кислым’;" |
Reference |
|
Related Languages |
|
Comment |
The English word was borrowed from the Old French tourner 'spin'. |
Realization |
Type |
Derivation |
Language |
Russian |
Lexeme 1 |
vraščat'sja |
Lexeme 2 |
prevratit'sja |
Meaning 1 |
to spin, to rotate |
|
Meaning 2 |
to turn into |
|
Reference |
|
Related Languages |
|
Comment |
|
Realization |
Type |
Polysemy |
Language |
Uzbek |
Lexeme |
aylan- |
Meaning 1 |
to spin, to go round, to turn |
|
Meaning 2 |
to turn into |
suv muzga aylandi "the water turned into ice" |
Reference |
|
Related Languages |
|
Comment |
Cf. The same in Karaim айлан- . КРПС 53 |
Realization |
Type |
Polysemy |
Language |
Armenian |
Lexeme |
dařnal |
Meaning 1 |
to turn (back) |
|
Direction |
— |
|
Meaning 2 |
to turn into, to become |
|
Reference |
|
Related Languages |
|
Comment |
АрмРС 179 |
Realization |
Type |
Polysemy |
Language |
Karaim |
Lexeme |
кайыр- |
Meaning 1 |
to turn, to rotate |
|
Meaning 2 |
to transform |
кÿннÿ кечеге кайырадылар "They turned day into night" |
Reference |
|
Related Languages |
|
Comment |
КРПС 285. |
Realization |
Type |
Polysemy |
Language |
Tabassaran |
Lexeme |
ilt’i(b)k’ub |
Meaning 1 |
to spin, to roll |
тIириччв илтIибкIура "the spinning top is whirling" |
Direction |
— |
|
Meaning 2 |
to transform |
жанавриз илтIикIуб "to turn into a wolf" |
Reference |
|
Related Languages |
|
Comment |
(TabRus 174) |