white
→
silver
25 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 | |
| 2376 | red | → | gold | Open |
-
Comment
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Cognates | |
| language 1 | Ancient Hebrew | |
| language 2 | Amharic | |
| lexeme 1 | bārūr | |
| lexeme 2 | bərr | |
| meaning 1 | clean; clear | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | AED: 875 HALOT: 163 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Classical Arabic | |
| lexeme 1 | ʔabyaḍ- | |
| lexeme 2 | bayḍāʔ- | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | BK: I 184 | |
| comment | the lexeme bayḍāʔ- - is a nominalized feminine adjective, lit. 'white'; it is used mainly in poetic texts. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Cuoi (Thổ) | |
| lexeme | pa:k.31 | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Evenki | |
| lexeme 1 | багдама (bagdama) | |
| lexeme 2 | багдамал мэнгур (bagdamal mengur) | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | Vasilevič 1958: 47 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | French | |
| lexeme | blanc | |
| meaning 1 | white | des lilas blancs white lilies |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | a name for a small silver coin | |
| reference | CNRTL | |
| comment | Gr.Rob. 2, 19 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Gagauz | |
| lexeme | biyazlık | |
| meaning 1 | whiteness | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Gagauzça-rusça-romınca sözlük = Гагаузско-русско-румынский словарь = Dicţionar găgăuz-rus-român / Fundaţia pentru susţinerea şi dezvoltarea ştiinţei şi culturii găgăuzilor "CAINAC"; alcăt. P. Cebotari, I. Dron. - Ch.: PONTOS, 2002 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language | Geez | |
| lexeme 1 | barra | |
| lexeme 2 | bərur | |
| meaning 1 | to purify, to make white | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | CDG: 106 | |
| comment | PS *brr 'to be pure; to shine', PES *bərr, bərur 'silver, money' (EDA I 192, Kogan 2015:192). |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Hani | |
| lexeme | phv̩⁵⁵ | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | Sūn 1991 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 Caiyuan dialect, phju⁵⁵ in Dazhai dialect |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Cognates | |
| language 1 | Hittite | |
| language 2 | Latin | |
| lexeme 1 | ḫarki | |
| lexeme 2 | argentum | |
| meaning 1 | white; white of the egg or eye | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | Kloekhorst 2008 | |
| comment | The same Ancient Greek: ἀργός ‘white, bright’, ἄργυρος ‘silver’, Tocharian А. ārki ‘white’, Tocharian B ārkwi ‘white’, Armenian arcatʿ (արծաթ) ‘silver’, Breton arc'hant ‘money; silver’, Welsh arian, Old Irish argat, Irish Gaelic airgead, Manx argid, Scottish Gaelic airgead ‘silver’, ‘money’, Sanskrit árjuna ‘white, clear, bright’, ‘made of silver’, rajat, rajatá ‘white’, ‘silver’, Avestian ǝrǝzata ‘silver’, Old Persian ardata ‘silver’, Oscan aragetud ‘silver’ (abl.sg.), Faliscan arcentelom ‘small silver coin’ (acc. sg.). The Hittite word possibly also have the meaning of ‘silver’. Ivanov 1983, 8; Gamkrelidze, Ivanov 1984, 713, Mallory 1984, Kroonen 2013, Martirosyan 2010, De Vaan 2008, ESIJa 1, 231, Adams 2013 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Japanese | |
| lexeme 1 | haku (白) | |
| lexeme 2 | hakugin (白銀) | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | white + silver |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Kali'na (Carib) | |
| lexeme 1 | amunu | |
| lexeme 2 | amununpo | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment | amunu-npo [whitness-?] | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Ket | |
| lexeme 1 | taɣəm | |
| lexeme 2 | taɣəm eˀ | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment | taɣəm eˀ [white iron] | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Koasati | |
| lexeme 1 | hátka | |
| lexeme 2 | toknawhátka | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | 'white money' Geoffrey D. Kimball; Bel Abbey; Martha John; Ruth Poncho Koasati Dictionary 1994 231-232 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Lahu Na | |
| lexeme | phu | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | Sūn 1991 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Lisu | |
| lexeme | phu⁴⁴ | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | Sūn 1991 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Mangdi | |
| lexeme | pʰu⁵⁵ | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | Sūn 1991 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Nasu (Black Yi, Eastern Yi) | |
| lexeme | ʈhu 33 | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | Sūn 1991 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Old Turkic | |
| lexeme 1 | aq | |
| lexeme 2 | aqča | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | money, coin | |
| reference | ESTJA: 1, 116-117, 120-121 | |
| comment | 'white' → 'silver' → '(silver) coin' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 19 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Piyo (Biyue) | |
| lexeme | pv.55 | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | Sūn 1991 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 20 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Q'eqchi' | |
| lexeme 1 | saqi | |
| lexeme 2 | saqi ch’iich’ | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment | 'white metal' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 21 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Sanskrit | |
| lexeme | rajata | |
| meaning 1 | whitish, silver-coloured, silvery | rajataṃ hiraṇyam ‘whitish gold’ i.e. silver |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | silver, made of silver | |
| reference | MW: 863, 1 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 22 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Sanskrit | |
| lexeme | arjuna | |
| meaning 1 | white, clear (the colour of the day, RV. vi, 9, 1 ; of the dawn, RV. i, 49, 3 ; of the lightning; of the milk; of silver, &c.) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | made of silver, AV. iv, 37, 4 | |
| reference | MW: 90, 1 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 23 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Selkup | |
| lexeme 1 | чаӷ | |
| lexeme 2 | чаӷ ӄомдэ́ | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | silver | чаӷ ӄомдэ́л silver (adj.) |
| reference | Consolidated Selkup | |
| comment | lit. 'white money' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 24 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tamil | |
| lexeme | citam | |
| meaning 1 | whiteness | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | Tamil lexicon: 1417 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 25 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tibetan | |
| lexeme | dkar-po | |
| meaning 1 | white, bright | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | Roerich: I, 95 | |
| comment | ||