white
—
silver
25 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 | |
| 2376 | red | — | gold | Open |
-
Comment
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Classical Arabic | |
| Lexeme 1 | ʔabyaḍ- | |
| Lexeme 2 | bayḍāʔ- | |
| Meaning 1 | white | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | silver | |
| Reference | BK: I 184 | |
| Comment | the lexeme bayḍāʔ- - is a nominalized feminine adjective, lit. 'white'; it is used mainly in poetic texts. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tibetan | |
| Lexeme | dkar-po | |
| Meaning 1 | white, bright | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | silver | |
| Reference | Roerich: I, 95 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Old Turkic | |
| Lexeme 1 | aq | |
| Lexeme 2 | aqča | |
| Meaning 1 | white | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | money, coin | |
| Reference | ESTJA: 1, 116-117, 120-121 | |
| Comment | 'white' → 'silver' → '(silver) coin' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Cognates | |
| Language 1 | Hittite | |
| Language 2 | Latin | |
| Lexeme 1 | ḫarki | |
| Lexeme 2 | argenrum | |
| Meaning 1 | white; white of the egg or eye | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | silver | |
| Reference | Kloekhorst 2008 | |
| Comment | The same Ancient Greek: ἀργός ‘white, bright’, ἄργυρος ‘silver’, Tocharian А. ārki ‘white’, Tocharian B ārkwi ‘white’, Armenian arcatʿ (արծաթ) ‘silver’, Breton arc'hant ‘money; silver’, Welsh arian, Old Irish argat, Irish Gaelic airgead, Manx argid, Scottish Gaelic airgead ‘silver’, ‘money’, Sanskrit árjuna ‘white, clear, bright’, ‘made of silver’, rajat, rajatá ‘white’, ‘silver’, Avestian ǝrǝzata ‘silver’, Old Persian ardata ‘silver’, Oscan aragetud ‘silver’ (abl.sg.), Faliscan arcentelom ‘small silver coin’ (acc. sg.). The Hittite word possibly also have the meaning of ‘silver’. Ivanov 1983, 8; Gamkrelidze, Ivanov 1984, 713, Mallory 1984, Kroonen 2013, Martirosyan 2010, De Vaan 2008, ESIJa 1, 231, Adams 2013 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | French | |
| Lexeme | blanc | |
| Meaning 1 | white | des lilas blancs white lilies |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | a name for a small silver coin | |
| Reference | CNRTL | |
| Comment | Gr.Rob. 2, 19 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Evenki | |
| Lexeme 1 | багдама (bagdama) | |
| Lexeme 2 | багдамал мэнгур (bagdamal mengur) | |
| Meaning 1 | white | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | silver | |
| Reference | Vasilevič 1958: 47 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Sanskrit | |
| Lexeme | rajata | |
| Meaning 1 | whitish, silver-coloured, silvery | rajataṃ hiraṇyam ‘whitish gold’ i.e. silver |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | silver, made of silver | |
| Reference | MW: 863, 1 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Sanskrit | |
| Lexeme | arjuna | |
| Meaning 1 | white, clear (the colour of the day, RV. vi, 9, 1 ; of the dawn, RV. i, 49, 3 ; of the lightning; of the milk; of silver, &c.) | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | made of silver, AV. iv, 37, 4 | |
| Reference | MW: 90, 1 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Cuoi (Thổ) | |
| Lexeme | pa:k.31 | |
| Meaning 1 | white | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | silver | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Q'eqchi' | |
| Lexeme 1 | saqi | |
| Lexeme 2 | saqi ch’iich’ | |
| Meaning 1 | white | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | silver | |
| Reference | World Loanword Database | |
| Comment | 'white metal' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Kali'na (Carib) | |
| Lexeme 1 | amunu | |
| Lexeme 2 | amununpo | |
| Meaning 1 | white | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | silver | |
| Reference | World Loanword Database | |
| Comment | amunu-npo [whitness-?] | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Ket | |
| Lexeme 1 | taɣəm | |
| Lexeme 2 | taɣəm eˀ | |
| Meaning 1 | white | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | silver | |
| Reference | World Loanword Database | |
| Comment | taɣəm eˀ [white iron] | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Selkup | |
| Lexeme 1 | чаӷ | |
| Lexeme 2 | чаӷ ӄомдэ́ | |
| Meaning 1 | white | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | silver | чаӷ ӄомдэ́л silver (adj.) |
| Reference | Consolidated Selkup | |
| Comment | lit. 'white money' | |
| NEW Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tamil | |
| Lexeme | citam | |
| Meaning 1 | whiteness | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | silver | |
| Reference | Tamil lexicon: 1417 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Piyo (Biyue) | |
| Lexeme | pv.55 | |
| Meaning 1 | white | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | silver | |
| Reference | Sūn 1991 | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Lahu Na | |
| Lexeme | phu | |
| Meaning 1 | white | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | silver | |
| Reference | Sūn 1991 | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Nasu (Black Yi, Eastern Yi) | |
| Lexeme | ʈhu 33 | |
| Meaning 1 | white | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | silver | |
| Reference | Sūn 1991 | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Hani | |
| Lexeme | phv̩⁵⁵ | |
| Meaning 1 | white | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | silver | |
| Reference | Sūn 1991 | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 Caiyuan dialect, phju⁵⁵ in Dazhai dialect |
|
| NEW Realization 19 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Lisu | |
| Lexeme | phu⁴⁴ | |
| Meaning 1 | white | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | silver | |
| Reference | Sūn 1991 | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 20 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Mangdi | |
| Lexeme | pʰu⁵⁵ | |
| Meaning 1 | white | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | silver | |
| Reference | Sūn 1991 | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 21 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Koasati | |
| Lexeme 1 | hátka | |
| Lexeme 2 | toknawhátka | |
| Meaning 1 | white | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | silver | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | 'white money' Geoffrey D. Kimball; Bel Abbey; Martha John; Ruth Poncho Koasati Dictionary 1994 231-232 |
|
| NEW Realization 22 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Gagauz | |
| Lexeme | biyazlık | |
| Meaning 1 | whiteness | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | silver | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | Gagauzça-rusça-romınca sözlük = Гагаузско-русско-румынский словарь = Dicţionar găgăuz-rus-român / Fundaţia pentru susţinerea şi dezvoltarea ştiinţei şi culturii găgăuzilor "CAINAC"; alcăt. P. Cebotari, I. Dron. - Ch.: PONTOS, 2002 |
|
| NEW Realization 23 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Japanese | |
| Lexeme 1 | haku (白) | |
| Lexeme 2 | hakugin (白銀) | |
| Meaning 1 | white | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | silver | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | white + silver |
|
| NEW Realization 24 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Semantic evolution | |
| Language | Geez | |
| Lexeme 1 | barra | |
| Lexeme 2 | bərur | |
| Meaning 1 | to purify, to make white | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | silver | |
| Reference | CDG: 106 | |
| Comment | PS *brr 'to be pure; to shine', PES *bərr, bərur 'silver, money' (EDA I 192, Kogan 2015:192). |
|
| NEW Realization 25 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Cognates | |
| Language 1 | Ancient Hebrew | |
| Language 2 | Amharic | |
| Lexeme 1 | bārūr | |
| Lexeme 2 | bərr | |
| Meaning 1 | clean; clear | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | silver | |
| Reference | AED: 875 HALOT: 163 | |
| Comment | ||