Related shifts
ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 | |
3720 | to raise, lift (tr.) | → | to endure | Open |
NEW Realization 1 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Abaza | |
lexeme | джьабагIа (d͡ʑabaʕa) | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | Tugov 1967 | |
comment |
NEW Realization 2 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Abkhaz | |
lexeme | ахьамҭ (aχʲamtʰ) | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | Genko 1998: 276 | |
comment |
NEW Realization 3 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Amarasi | |
lexeme | maʔfenaʔ | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
comment | Kotos Amarasi CLICS-3 |
ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Amharic | |
lexeme | käbbad | |
meaning 1 | 'heavy' [K 1425] | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | 'difficult, hard' [K 1425] | kbbad ṭəyyaḳe complicated question [K 1425] |
reference | ||
comment | Cf. Also Ge'ez. kəbud 'heavy, heavily laden, weighty, burdensome, burdened, overburdened, onerous, greivous, severe (disease)' [LGz 273] |
ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Ancient Greek | |
lexeme | βᾰρύς | |
meaning 1 | heavy in weight | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | LSJ | |
comment | LSJ 308 |
ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Armenian | |
lexeme | canr (ծանր) | |
meaning 1 | heavy in weight | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | difficult | canr gorc (ծանր գործ) difficult work |
reference | ||
comment | АрмРС 315-316 |
NEW Realization 7 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Avar | |
lexeme | захІматаб | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | Gimbatov 2006 | |
comment |
NEW Realization 8 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Avar | |
lexeme | бакІаб | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | IDS | |
comment | Zakataly and Salatav dialects CLICS-3 |
NEW Realization 9 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Avar | |
lexeme | захІмата | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | IDS | |
comment | Khunzakh dialect CLICS-3 |
ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Azerbaijani | |
lexeme | ağır | |
meaning 1 | heavy | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | hard, difficult | |
reference | ARRAL: 9 | |
comment |
NEW Realization 11 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Bashkir | |
lexeme | ауыр | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | Бөгөнгө көндә яҙыу өҫтәлен көмпьютерһыҙ күҙ алдына килтереү ауыр. These days, it is difficult to imagine a writing desk without a computer. |
reference | Bashkir Uraksin 1996 English Wiktionary | |
comment |
NEW Realization 12 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Batsbi | |
lexeme | дацІӣᴴ | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | IDS | |
comment | CLICS-3 |
NEW Realization 13 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Botlikh | |
lexeme | гьакІуба | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | IDS | |
comment | CLICS-3 |
NEW Realization 14 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Bulgarian | |
lexeme | тежък | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | тежка задача, тежък живот difficult task, difficult life |
reference | Bernštejn 1966: 654 | |
comment |
NEW Realization 15 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Croatian | |
lexeme | težak | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | teško gradivo difficult (educational) material |
reference | HJP | |
comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Danish | |
lexeme | tung | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | tung sten a heavy stone |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | tungt arbejde difficult work |
reference | DDO | |
comment |
NEW Realization 17 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Danish | |
lexeme | svær | |
meaning 1 | (now rare) heavy, massive, solid | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult, hard, stiff, tough | |
reference | Krymova et al. 2004 English Wiktionary | |
comment |
NEW Realization 18 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Dargwa (literary) | |
lexeme | декӀци | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | IDS | |
comment | Sirkhi dialect CLICS-3 |
NEW Realization 19 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Dutch | |
lexeme | zwaar | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | een zware taak a difficult task |
reference | Mironov 1987 | |
comment |
NEW Realization 20 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Erzya | |
lexeme | стака | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | Serebrennikov et al. 1993: 611-612 | |
comment |
NEW Realization 21 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Estonian | |
lexeme | raske | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | EKSS | |
comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 22 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | French | |
lexeme | lourd | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | lourd sac a heavy bag |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | une lourde tâche a difficult task |
reference | CNRTL | |
comment |
NEW Realization 23 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Gagauz | |
lexeme | aar | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | <personally collected data> | |
comment | Gagauzça-rusça-romınca sözlük = Гагаузско-русско-румынский словарь = Dicţionar găgăuz-rus-român / Fundaţia pentru susţinerea şi dezvoltarea ştiinţei şi culturii găgăuzilor "CAINAC"; alcăt. P. Cebotari, I. Dron. - Ch.: PONTOS, 2002 |
NEW Realization 24 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Georgian | |
lexeme | mʒime (მძიმე) | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | <personally collected data> | |
comment |
NEW Realization 26 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Ginukh | |
lexeme | захІматав | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | IDS | |
comment | CLICS-3 |
NEW Realization 27 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Hawu (Sabu) | |
lexeme | med͡ʒəni | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
comment | CLICS-3 |
ACCEPTED Realization 28 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Hungarian | |
lexeme | nehéz | |
meaning 1 | heavy | nehéz zsák a heavy sack |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | hard, difficult | nehéz feladat a hard task |
reference | Гальди 1974: 556 | |
comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 29 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Icelandic | |
lexeme | þungur | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | þung ferðataska a heavy suitcase |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | textinn er of þungur fyrir byrjendur this text is too difficult for beginners |
reference | ISLEX | |
comment |
NEW Realization 30 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Ingrian | |
lexeme | raskas | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | <personally collected data> | |
comment | Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 466 |
NEW Realization 31 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Itelmen | |
lexeme | кӑз- | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | PIRS: 87 | |
comment |
NEW Realization 32 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Juhuri (Judeo-Tat) | |
lexeme | гурунд | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | IDS | |
comment | CLICS-3 |
NEW Realization 33 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Karata | |
lexeme | гьаркІибоб | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | IDS | |
comment | CLICS-3 |
NEW Realization 34 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Kazakh | |
lexeme | ауыр | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | Syzdykova, Xusain (eds.) 2001 | |
comment |
NEW Realization 35 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Khanty | |
lexeme | lawar̃t | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | IDS | |
comment | CLICS-3 |
NEW Realization 36 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Khinalug | |
lexeme | гран | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | IDS | |
comment | CLICS-3 |
NEW Realization 37 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Khwarshi | |
lexeme | луйтІу | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | IDS | |
comment | CLICS-3 |
ACCEPTED Realization 38 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Kildin Saami | |
lexeme | лōссесь | |
meaning 1 | heavy | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | hard, difficult | |
reference | Kuruč 1985: 164-165 | |
comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 39 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Komi | |
lexeme | сьöкыд | |
meaning 1 | heavy | сьöкыд из, сьöкыд ноп hard stone, hadr burden |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | hard, difficult | сьöкыд удж, сьöкыд задача hard labour |
reference | ||
comment | КомиРС 621 |
NEW Realization 40 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Kubachi | |
lexeme | бикIвбухи | |
meaning 1 | to become heaver | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | to become more difficult | |
reference | Magomedov, Saidov-Akkutta 2017: 81 | |
comment |
NEW Realization 41 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Kumyk | |
lexeme | авур | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | IDS | |
comment | CLICS-3 |
NEW Realization 42 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Latvian | |
lexeme | smags | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | IDS | |
comment | CLICS-3 |
NEW Realization 43 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Lengua (Enlhet) | |
lexeme | -yintiɬi | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | IDS | |
comment | CLICS-3 |
ACCEPTED Realization 44 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Lezgian | |
lexeme | zalan | |
meaning 1 | heavy | залан гъвар hard log |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | hard (fig.) | залан йисар hard years, hard work |
reference | ||
comment | (LezgRus 125) |
NEW Realization 45 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Lezgian | |
lexeme | четин | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | IDS | |
comment | CLICS-3 |
NEW Realization 46 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Lithuanian | |
lexeme | sunkùs | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | IDS | |
comment | CLICS-3 |
NEW Realization 47 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Lower Sorbian | |
lexeme | śěžki | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | World Loanword Database | |
comment | CLICS-3 |
NEW Realization 48 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Luxembourgish | |
lexeme | schwéier | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | LOD | |
comment |
NEW Realization 49 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Manx | |
lexeme | trome | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | <personally collected data> | |
comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 50 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Mongolian (Khalkha) | |
lexeme | hünd | |
meaning 1 | heavy | хүнд ачаа hard load |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | hard, difficult | хүнд ажил hard work |
reference | ||
comment |
NEW Realization 51 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Nenets | |
lexeme | saŋgowota | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | IDS | |
comment | CLICS-3 |
NEW Realization 52 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Nogai | |
lexeme | авыр | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | IDS | |
comment | CLICS-3 |
ACCEPTED Realization 53 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Norwegian | |
lexeme | tung | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | være tung som bly to be as heavy as lead |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | tungt arbeid difficult work |
reference | BO | |
comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 54 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Osetin | |
lexeme | wæzzaw | |
meaning 1 | heavy | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | hard, difficult | |
reference | ||
comment | Абаев 4, 105 |
NEW Realization 55 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Reta (Retta) | |
lexeme | tamaːdi | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
comment | CLICS-3 |
NEW Realization 56 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Romani | |
lexeme | pʰaro | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | IDS | |
comment | CLICS-3 |
ACCEPTED Realization 57 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Romanian | |
lexeme | greu | |
meaning 1 | heavy | geamantan greu hard suitcase |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | hard, difficult | drum greu hard journey |
reference | DEX98 | |
comment | DRRS 1, 944, DEX98, DER 377 |
ACCEPTED Realization 58 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Russian | |
lexeme | tjaželyj | |
meaning 1 | heavy | тяжелый камень heavy stone |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | hard, difficult | тяжелая работа hard work |
reference | ||
comment |
NEW Realization 59 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Rutul | |
lexeme | агъырды / aʁɨrdɨ | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | агъырды кьваб / aʁɨrdɨ q'ʷab heavy stone |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | difficult | агъырды гьу1муьр / aʁɨrdɨ huˤmür hard life |
reference | Alisultanov, Sulejmanova 2019: 17 | |
comment |
NEW Realization 60 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Sanapaná | |
lexeme | akyemtaɬnama | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | IDS | |
comment | CLICS-3 |
ACCEPTED Realization 61 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Sanskrit | |
lexeme | gurú | |
meaning 1 | heavy , weighty | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult , hard | |
reference | MW | |
comment | MW 359, Кочергина 194. Cf. gaurava 'heaviness, difficulty'. |
NEW Realization 62 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Serbian | |
lexeme | тежак (težak) | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | тежак камен, тежко возило heavy stone, heavy vehicle |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | тежак избор, тежко питање difficult choice, difficult question |
reference | Vujanitsh et al. 2007: 307 | |
comment |
NEW Realization 63 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Sika | |
lexeme | bərat | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
comment | CLICS-3 |
NEW Realization 64 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Somali | |
lexeme | culus | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | Alejnikov 2012: 57 | |
comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 65 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Swahili | |
lexeme | zito | |
meaning 1 | heavy | jiwe zito hard stone |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | hard, difficult | swali zito; kazi nzito; lugha nzitonzito difficult question, hard work, most difficult language |
reference | ||
comment | Polikanov |
ACCEPTED Realization 66 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Swedish | |
lexeme | tung | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | väskan var så tung att hon inte kunde lyfta den the bag was so heavy that she could not lift it |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | ett tungt arbete difficult work |
reference | SAO | |
comment |
NEW Realization 67 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Tabassaran | |
lexeme | гъагъиб | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | IDS | |
comment | CLICS-3 |
NEW Realization 68 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Takia | |
lexeme | mrwa- | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | World Loanword Database | |
comment | CLICS-3 |
NEW Realization 69 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Tatar | |
lexeme | авыр | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | авыр чемодан heavy bag |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | авыр эш heavy work |
reference | Ganiev 1997: 629 Asylgaraev, Ganiev et al. (eds.) 2007: 1, 33 | |
comment |
NEW Realization 70 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Tatar | |
lexeme | авыр | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | Abdrazakov 1966 | |
comment |
NEW Realization 71 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Teiwa | |
lexeme | suˈħur | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
comment | CLICS-3 |
NEW Realization 72 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Thai | |
lexeme | ˈnàk | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | hard (about work) | |
reference | Morev 1964: 803 | |
comment |
NEW Realization 73 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Tundra Yukaghir | |
lexeme | иральал- | |
meaning 1 | to be heavy (of weight) | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | t be difficult | |
reference | Kurilov 2001: 98-99 | |
comment |
NEW Realization 74 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Tundra Yukaghir | |
lexeme | иральиал- | |
meaning 1 | to be heavy (of weight) | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | to be difficult | |
reference | Kurilov 2001: 98-99 | |
comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 75 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Udmurt | |
lexeme | секыт | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | Kirillova 2008 | |
comment |
NEW Realization 76 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Uzbek | |
lexeme | ogʻir (оғир) | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | <personally collected data> | |
comment |
NEW Realization 77 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Veps | |
lexeme | ǵüged | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | Zajceva, Mullonen 1972: 91 | |
comment |
NEW Realization 78 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Yakut | |
lexeme | ыар, ыарахан | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | SakhaTyla.Ru | |
comment |
NEW Realization 79 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Yiddish | |
lexeme | shver (שווער) | |
meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | difficult | |
reference | <personally collected data> | |
comment |
CLICS-3 584-1210