white
→
silver
27 realizations
Multi-area
Related shifts
| ID | Relation type | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 | |
| 2376 | red | → | gold | Open |
-
Comment
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Cognates | |
| language 1 | Ancient Hebrew | |
| language 2 | Amharic | |
| lexeme 1 | bārūr | |
| lexeme 2 | bərr | |
| meaning 1 | clean; clear | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | AED: 875 HALOT: 163 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Classical Arabic | |
| lexeme 1 | ʔabyaḍ- | |
| lexeme 2 | bayḍāʔ- | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | BK: I 184 | |
| comment | the lexeme bayḍāʔ- - is a nominalized feminine adjective, lit. 'white'; it is used mainly in poetic texts. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Cuoi (Thổ) | |
| lexeme | pa:k.31 | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Evenki | |
| lexeme 1 | багдама (bagdama) | |
| lexeme 2 | багдамал мэнгур (bagdamal mengur) | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | Vasilevič 1958: 47 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | French | |
| lexeme | blanc | |
| meaning 1 | white | des lilas blancs white lilies |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | a name for a small silver coin | |
| reference | CNRTL | |
| comment | Gr.Rob. 2, 19 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Gagauz | |
| lexeme | biyazlık | |
| meaning 1 | whiteness | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Gagauzça-rusça-romınca sözlük = Гагаузско-русско-румынский словарь = Dicţionar găgăuz-rus-român / Fundaţia pentru susţinerea şi dezvoltarea ştiinţei şi culturii găgăuzilor "CAINAC"; alcăt. P. Cebotari, I. Dron. - Ch.: PONTOS, 2002 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language | Geez | |
| lexeme 1 | barra | |
| lexeme 2 | bərur | |
| meaning 1 | to purify, to make white | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | CDG: 106 | |
| comment | PS *brr 'to be pure; to shine', PES *bərr, bərur 'silver, money' (EDA I 192, Kogan 2015:192). |
|
| NEW Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Guarani | |
| lexeme 1 | morotĩ + ita | |
| lexeme 2 | itatĩ | |
| meaning 1 | white + stone | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | Canese, Alcaraz 2016: 33, column 1 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Guarani | |
| lexeme 1 | morotĩ + kuarepoti | |
| lexeme 2 | kuarepotitĩ | |
| meaning 1 | white + iron | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | Canese, Alcaraz 2016: 50, column 1 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Hani | |
| lexeme | phv̩⁵⁵ | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | Sūn 1991 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 Caiyuan dialect, phju⁵⁵ in Dazhai dialect |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Cognates | |
| language 1 | Hittite | |
| language 2 | Latin | |
| lexeme 1 | ḫarki | |
| lexeme 2 | argentum | |
| meaning 1 | white; white of the egg or eye | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | Kloekhorst 2008 | |
| comment | The same Ancient Greek: ἀργός ‘white, bright’, ἄργυρος ‘silver’, Tocharian А. ārki ‘white’, Tocharian B ārkwi ‘white’, Armenian arcatʿ (արծաթ) ‘silver’, Breton arc'hant ‘money; silver’, Welsh arian, Old Irish argat, Irish Gaelic airgead, Manx argid, Scottish Gaelic airgead ‘silver’, ‘money’, Sanskrit árjuna ‘white, clear, bright’, ‘made of silver’, rajat, rajatá ‘white’, ‘silver’, Avestian ǝrǝzata ‘silver’, Old Persian ardata ‘silver’, Oscan aragetud ‘silver’ (abl.sg.), Faliscan arcentelom ‘small silver coin’ (acc. sg.). The Hittite word possibly also have the meaning of ‘silver’. Ivanov 1983, 8; Gamkrelidze, Ivanov 1984, 713, Mallory 1984, Kroonen 2013, Martirosyan 2010, De Vaan 2008, ESIJa 1, 231, Adams 2013 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Japanese | |
| lexeme 1 | haku (白) | |
| lexeme 2 | hakugin (白銀) | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | white + silver |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Kali'na (Carib) | |
| lexeme 1 | amunu | |
| lexeme 2 | amununpo | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment | amunu-npo [whitness-?] | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Ket | |
| lexeme 1 | taɣəm | |
| lexeme 2 | taɣəm eˀ | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment | taɣəm eˀ [white iron] | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Koasati | |
| lexeme 1 | hátka | |
| lexeme 2 | toknawhátka | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | 'white money' Geoffrey D. Kimball; Bel Abbey; Martha John; Ruth Poncho Koasati Dictionary 1994 231-232 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Lahu Na | |
| lexeme | phu | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | Sūn 1991 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Lisu | |
| lexeme | phu⁴⁴ | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | Sūn 1991 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Mangdi | |
| lexeme | pʰu⁵⁵ | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | Sūn 1991 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 19 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Nasu (Black Yi, Eastern Yi) | |
| lexeme | ʈhu 33 | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | Sūn 1991 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 20 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Old Turkic | |
| lexeme 1 | aq | |
| lexeme 2 | aqča | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | money, coin | |
| reference | ESTJA: 1, 116-117, 120-121 | |
| comment | 'white' → 'silver' → '(silver) coin' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 21 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Piyo (Biyue) | |
| lexeme | pv.55 | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | Sūn 1991 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 22 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Q'eqchi' | |
| lexeme 1 | saqi | |
| lexeme 2 | saqi ch’iich’ | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment | 'white metal' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 23 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Sanskrit | |
| lexeme | rajata | |
| meaning 1 | whitish, silver-coloured, silvery | rajataṃ hiraṇyam ‘whitish gold’ i.e. silver |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | silver, made of silver | |
| reference | MW: 863, 1 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 24 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Sanskrit | |
| lexeme | arjuna | |
| meaning 1 | white, clear (the colour of the day, RV. vi, 9, 1 ; of the dawn, RV. i, 49, 3 ; of the lightning; of the milk; of silver, &c.) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | made of silver, AV. iv, 37, 4 | |
| reference | MW: 90, 1 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 25 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Selkup | |
| lexeme 1 | чаӷ | |
| lexeme 2 | чаӷ ӄомдэ́ | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | silver | чаӷ ӄомдэ́л silver (adj.) |
| reference | Consolidated Selkup | |
| comment | lit. 'white money' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 26 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tamil | |
| lexeme | citam | |
| meaning 1 | whiteness | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | Tamil lexicon: 1417 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 27 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tibetan | |
| lexeme | dkar-po | |
| meaning 1 | white, bright | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | silver | |
| reference | Roerich: I, 95 | |
| comment | ||