to be guilty
—
must
1 realization
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Semantic evolution | |
| Language 1 | Russian | |
| Language 2 | Ukrainian | |
| Lexeme 1 | vinovat | |
| Lexeme 2 | vynovat | |
| Meaning 1 | guilty | повинен смерти sentenced to death |
| Meaning 2 | guilty | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Ukr. повинны бути ‘must be’. Old Russian повинен смерти. | |