to soil, make dirty
→
to disgrace, dishonor
17 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 | |
| 1124 | spot, stain | → | disgrace | Open |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ancient Greek | |
| lexeme | μιαίνω | |
| meaning 1 | to soil | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to stain, to blemish (fig.) | |
| reference | ||
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Azerbaijani | |
| lexeme | lәkәlә- | |
| meaning 1 | to soil | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to disgrace | |
| reference | ARRAL: 175 | |
| comment | The same in the Gagauz лекеле- ГРМС 317. | |
| NEW Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Dagur | |
| lexeme | бажир | |
| meaning 1 | dirty, impure | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | disgraceful, dishonoured, vile, shameful | |
| reference | Тумурдэй Цыбенов Краткий дагурско-русский словарь: 20 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | French | |
| lexeme | salir | |
| meaning 1 | to soil, make dirty | Les enfants ont sali le parquet The kids have made the parquet floor dirty |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to disgrace, dishonor | un scandale qui salit un homme politique a scandal that dishonors a politician |
| reference | Larousse online | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Gagauz | |
| lexeme | batakla- | |
| meaning 1 | to soil, to make dirty with mud | |
| meaning 2 | to discredit | |
| reference | ||
| comment | ГРМС 74. | |
| NEW Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ingush | |
| lexeme | бIехде | |
| meaning 1 | to soil, make dirty | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to disgrace, dishonor | |
| reference | Bekova et al. 2009 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Italian | |
| lexeme | sporcare | |
| meaning 1 | to soil, to make dirty, to stain | |
| meaning 2 | to dishonor, to abuse | |
| reference | ||
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kildin Saami | |
| lexeme | мāрръе | |
| meaning 1 | to soil, to make dirty, to smear | мāрръе кӣдэтѣ поайнэнѣ to stain walls with paint |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to disgrace, to blacken | мāрръе кēнн-е нэ̄м to foul smb's name |
| reference | Kuruč 1985: 184 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Romanian | |
| lexeme | a înnegri | |
| meaning 1 | to soil, to stain, to make dirty | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to disgrace, to tar, to tarnish | |
| reference | DEX98 | |
| comment | DRRS 1, 1139, DEX98 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Russian | |
| lexeme | marat' | |
| meaning 1 | to soil, to make dirty, to smear (Dahl) | |
| meaning 2 | to besmear | Янукович не хочет марать свою репутацию, помогая Ющенко. Yanukovich does not want to soil his reputation by helping Yushchenko. (from the web) |
| reference | ||
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Russian | |
| lexeme | pačkat' | |
| meaning 1 | to soli | пачкать руки to soil one's hands |
| meaning 2 | to disgrace smn, to slander | пачкать чьё-либо честное имя to bring one's name down to the dirt |
| reference | ||
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Russian | |
| lexeme 1 | pjatno | |
| lexeme 2 | pjatnat' | |
| meaning 1 | spot | |
| meaning 2 | to smear | пятнать чье-либо честное имя to stain smb's name |
| reference | ||
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tabassaran | |
| lexeme | ka(b)c’ub | |
| meaning 1 | to soil | |
| meaning 2 | to disgrace, to dishonour, to discredit | |
| reference | ||
| comment | (TabRus 187) | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tabassaran | |
| lexeme | ruswaʁ | |
| meaning 1 | soiled | русвагъ хьуб to get dirty, stained |
| meaning 2 | dishonoured | русвагъ хьуб to disgrace oneself |
| reference | ||
| comment | (TabRus 262). The same in Lezgian (LezgRus 281). | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Turkish | |
| lexeme | çamurla- | |
| meaning 1 | to make dirty with mud | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to blur, to besmear (smn) | |
| reference | Baskakov 1977: 167 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Turkish | |
| lexeme | kirlet- | |
| meaning 1 | to soil, make dirty | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to disgrace, dishonor | |
| reference | Baskakov 1977: 553 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Turkish | |
| lexeme | kirlet- | |
| meaning 1 | to soil, make dirty | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to disgrace, dishonor | |
| reference | Baskakov 1977: 553 | |
| comment | ||
Ср. переход грязный - подлый