The Database of Semantic Shifts in the languages of the world

ID	Meaning 1	Direction	Meaning 2
34	to hear / to listen	→	to obey	Open

NEW Realization 1
type		Polysemy
language		Adyghe
lexeme		еIон
meaning 1	to say
direction	→
meaning 2	to order, command
reference		Txarkaxo 1991: 83
comment

NEW Realization 2
type		Polysemy
language		Adyghe
lexeme		еIон
meaning 1	to say
direction	→
meaning 2	to order, command
reference		Txarkaxo 1991: 83
comment

ACCEPTED Realization 3
type		Polysemy
language 1		Ancient Greek
language 2		Old English
lexeme		ἔπω
meaning 1	to speak
direction	→
meaning 2	to order	εἴπω γυναιξὶν δεῖπνον τετυκεῖν I will order the servants to prepare breakfast
reference
comment

ACCEPTED Realization 4
type		Polysemy
language		Ancient Greek
lexeme		αὐδάω
meaning 1	to speak	ὁμοκλήσας ἔπος ηὔσα He spoke menacingly (Homer)
meaning 2	to order	αὐδάω τινὶ ποιεῖν τι to order smn to do smth
reference
comment		LSJ 275

ACCEPTED Realization 5
type		Polysemy
language		Ancient Greek
lexeme		εἴρω
meaning 1	to speak
meaning 2	to order	εἴρητο συλλέγεσθαι (ὁ στρατός) the army got an order to get prepared (Herodotus)
reference
comment		LSJ 491

ACCEPTED Realization 6
type		Polysemy
language		Ancient Greek
lexeme		λέγω
meaning 1	to speak
meaning 2	to order, to prescribe	τινὶ ποιεῖν τι to do smth to smn
reference
comment		LSJ 1033-1034

ACCEPTED Realization 7
type		Polysemy
language		Ancient Hebrew
lexeme		ʔāmar
meaning 1	to speak	ʔel hā-ʔiššā ʔāmar… (Gen. 3:16) He said to the woman: …
direction	—
meaning 2	to order	ʔāmar ləhābīʔ ʔet-waštī ha-mmalkā (Esth. 1:17) He ordered to bring Queen Vashti.
reference		HALOT: 63-64
comment

ACCEPTED Realization 8
type		Polysemy
language		Armenian
lexeme		asel
meaning 1	to speak
meaning 2	to order, to assign
reference
comment		АрмРС 76

ACCEPTED Realization 9
type		Polysemy
language		Fula
lexeme		haala
meaning 1	to speak
direction	→
meaning 2	to order
reference
comment		ФРФС 211

ACCEPTED Realization 10
type		Derivation
language		Icelandic
lexeme 1		segja
lexeme 2		segja fyrir
meaning 1	to say, to tell, to infrom	hvað ég vildi nú sagt hafa? what did I want to say?
direction	→
meaning 2	to order, to prescribe	segja fyrir verkum to give out orders about work on the farm; to lead work
reference
comment		Берков

ACCEPTED Realization 11
type		Polysemy
language		Moksha
lexeme		марьгомс
meaning 1	to say
meaning 2	to order
reference
comment

NEW Realization 12
type		Polysemy
language		Romanian
lexeme		zice
meaning 1	to speak
direction	→
meaning 2	to order, command
reference		MDA2
comment

ACCEPTED Realization 13
type		Derivation
language		Russian
lexeme 1		skazat'
lexeme 2		prikazat'
meaning 1	to say
meaning 2	to order
reference
comment		Some Slavic languages have the verb КАЗАТЬ 'to speak' with no prefix.

NEW Realization 14
type		Polysemy
language		Sumerian
lexeme		inim
meaning 1	word
direction	→
meaning 2	command
reference		ePSD2
comment

NEW Realization 15
type		Polysemy
language		Vietnamese
lexeme		bảo
meaning 1	to speak	Trâu ơi ta bảo trâu nау hey buffalo, that's what I'll tell you.
direction	→
meaning 2	to give orders	Thầy giáo bảo em ở lại The teacher ordered me to stay
reference		Bùi Hiền 2017: 38
comment