to speak
→
to order, command
14 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 | |
| 34 | to hear / to listen | → | to obey | Open |
| NEW Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Adyghe | |
| lexeme | еIон | |
| meaning 1 | to say | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to order, command | |
| reference | Txarkaxo 1991: 83 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Adyghe | |
| lexeme | еIон | |
| meaning 1 | to say | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to order, command | |
| reference | Txarkaxo 1991: 83 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language 1 | Ancient Greek | |
| language 2 | Old English | |
| lexeme | ἔπω | |
| meaning 1 | to speak | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to order | εἴπω γυναιξὶν δεῖπνον τετυκεῖν I will order the servants to prepare breakfast |
| reference | ||
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ancient Greek | |
| lexeme | αὐδάω | |
| meaning 1 | to speak | ὁμοκλήσας ἔπος ηὔσα He spoke menacingly (Homer) |
| meaning 2 | to order | αὐδάω τινὶ ποιεῖν τι to order smn to do smth |
| reference | ||
| comment | LSJ 275 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ancient Greek | |
| lexeme | εἴρω | |
| meaning 1 | to speak | |
| meaning 2 | to order | εἴρητο συλλέγεσθαι (ὁ στρατός) the army got an order to get prepared (Herodotus) |
| reference | ||
| comment | LSJ 491 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ancient Greek | |
| lexeme | λέγω | |
| meaning 1 | to speak | |
| meaning 2 | to order, to prescribe | τινὶ ποιεῖν τι to do smth to smn |
| reference | ||
| comment | LSJ 1033-1034 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ancient Hebrew | |
| lexeme | ʔāmar | |
| meaning 1 | to speak | ʔel hā-ʔiššā ʔāmar… (Gen. 3:16) He said to the woman: … |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to order | ʔāmar ləhābīʔ ʔet-waštī ha-mmalkā (Esth. 1:17) He ordered to bring Queen Vashti. |
| reference | HALOT: 63-64 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Armenian | |
| lexeme | asel | |
| meaning 1 | to speak | |
| meaning 2 | to order, to assign | |
| reference | ||
| comment | АрмРС 76 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Fula | |
| lexeme | haala | |
| meaning 1 | to speak | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to order | |
| reference | ||
| comment | ФРФС 211 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Icelandic | |
| lexeme 1 | segja | |
| lexeme 2 | segja fyrir | |
| meaning 1 | to say, to tell, to infrom | hvað ég vildi nú sagt hafa? what did I want to say? |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to order, to prescribe | segja fyrir verkum to give out orders about work on the farm; to lead work |
| reference | ||
| comment | Берков | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Moksha | |
| lexeme | марьгомс | |
| meaning 1 | to say | |
| meaning 2 | to order | |
| reference | ||
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Romanian | |
| lexeme | zice | |
| meaning 1 | to speak | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to order, command | |
| reference | MDA2 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Russian | |
| lexeme 1 | skazat' | |
| lexeme 2 | prikazat' | |
| meaning 1 | to say | |
| meaning 2 | to order | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Some Slavic languages have the verb КАЗАТЬ 'to speak' with no prefix. | |
| NEW Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Vietnamese | |
| lexeme | bảo | |
| meaning 1 | to speak | Trâu ơi ta bảo trâu nау hey buffalo, that's what I'll tell you. |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to give orders | Thầy giáo bảo em ở lại The teacher ordered me to stay |
| reference | Bùi Hiền 2017: 38 | |
| comment | ||