to hear / to listen
→
to understand
62 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 | |
| 792 | deaf | → | stupid | Open |
-
Comment
| NEW Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Albanian | |
| lexeme | dëgjoj | |
| meaning 1 | to hear / to listen | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Tolovski, Illič-Svityč 1963 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Alutor | |
| lexeme | valum- | |
| meaning 1 | to hear | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Fortescue 2005: 313 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Amharic | |
| lexeme | sämma | |
| meaning 1 | to hear | mənəm alsämmahum I did not hear anything |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | baynaggärutəm yəsämmutal Though they do not speak (this language), they understand it |
| reference | ||
| comment | The same meanings in Tigrinya sämʕe 'to hear, to listen, to understand' (KT 657) | |
| NEW Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Arabela | |
| lexeme | tohiniu | |
| meaning 1 | to hear / to listen | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Rich R.G. Diccionario Arabela-Castellano Serie Lingüística Peruana, 1999. 433-434 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Aranda | |
| lexeme | awe | |
| meaning 1 | to hear / to listen | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Evans, Wilkins 2000: 565 | |
| comment | Ibarretxe-Antuñano 2008: 25 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Avestan | |
| lexeme | uš- | |
| meaning 1 | hearing | |
| meaning 2 | undestanding, intelligence | |
| reference | ||
| comment | ЭСИЯ 1, 268 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Bandjalangic | |
| lexeme | gannga- | |
| meaning 1 | to hear / to listen | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Evans, Wilkins 2000: 569 | |
| comment | Ibarretxe-Antuñano 2008: 25 | |
| NEW Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Batsbi | |
| lexeme | jeplar | |
| meaning 1 | to hear / to listen | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Mikeladze, Gigashvili 2012: 384 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Batsbi | |
| lexeme | xac̣ar | |
| meaning 1 | to hear | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Bertlani (ed.) 2018: 211 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Chukchee | |
| lexeme | валёмык | |
| meaning 1 | to hear | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Moll, Inènlikèj 1957: 19 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Dinka | |
| lexeme | piŋ | |
| meaning 1 | to hear | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Blench 2005: 144 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Doromu-Koki | |
| lexeme | yora | |
| meaning 1 | listening | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | undertanding | |
| reference | Bradshaw 2021: 224 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Even | |
| lexeme | долдъ- | |
| meaning 1 | to hear | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | ||
| comment | ТМС, 1, 214-215 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Cognates | |
| language 1 | French | |
| language 2 | Spanish | |
| lexeme 1 | entendre | |
| lexeme 2 | entender | |
| meaning 1 | to hear | J'entends pleurer dans la pièce à côté. I can hear someone cry in the next room. |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to understand, to be knowledgeable | |
| reference | ||
| comment | ###проверить грузинский | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | French | |
| lexeme | entendre | |
| meaning 1 | to hear | J'entends pleurer dans la pièce à côté. I can hear someone cry in the next room. |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | C'est ainsi que j'entends la vie. This is how I understand life. |
| reference | Vanhove 2008: 348 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Gbaya | |
| lexeme | ze -a | |
| meaning 1 | to hear / to listen | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Huntley: 117 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Guahibo (Sikuaani) | |
| lexeme | jumetane | |
| meaning 1 | to hear / to listen | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Quexalos F. Diccionaria sikuami-espanol Universidad de Los Andes 83 |
|
| NEW Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Hawu (Sabu) | |
| lexeme | rəŋi | |
| meaning 1 | to hear | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 19 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Hungarian | |
| lexeme | hall | |
| meaning 1 | to hear / to listen | Még a légy döngését is hallani lehetett. You could even hear the fly buzzing. |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | Hallod, amit mondok? Hallom. Do you understand what I say? I understand. |
| reference | MEK 1978 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 20 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Itelmen | |
| lexeme | элфсэс | |
| meaning 1 | to listen | т'илфсəзвин I am listening to you |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | мил̹ мизвинк ттэ'ан крвэл̹хатас илфсқзузнэн Here all people understand Russian |
| reference | Volodin, Xalojmova 1989: 119 PIRS: 65 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 21 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kawaiisu | |
| lexeme | naɣa- | |
| meaning 1 | to hear | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Zigmond, Booth & Munro 1991: 236 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 22 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kayardild | |
| lexeme | marrija | |
| meaning 1 | to hear / to listen | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Evans, Wilkins 2000: 567 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 23 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Khmer | |
| lexeme | sdap (ស្ដាប់) | |
| meaning 1 | to listen | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand (spoken language) | |
| reference | SEAlang Khmer | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 24 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Khoekhoe | |
| lexeme | ǁnâu | |
| meaning 1 | to hear / to listen | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Haacke Khoekhoe 2002: 287 | |
| comment | Also the same semantic shift in compunds: ǁnâuǃā, ǁnâuhō |
|
| NEW Realization 25 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Koasati | |
| lexeme | há:lon | |
| meaning 1 | to hear / to listen | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Geoffrey D. Kimball; Bel Abbey; Martha John; Ruth Poncho Koasati Dictionary 1994 https://archive.org/details/koasatidictionar00kimb 57 |
|
| NEW Realization 26 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Kora | |
| lexeme 1 | ǁnãu | |
| lexeme 2 | ǁnãuǃ’ā | |
| meaning 1 | to hear / to listen | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Du Plessis 2018 on Kora language: 307 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 27 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Koreguaje | |
| lexeme | asamʉ | |
| meaning 1 | to hear / to listen | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Cook D.M., Gralow F.L. Diccionario bilingüe Koreguaje-Español Español Koreguaje Editorial Alberto Lleras Camargo, 2001. 30 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 28 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Koryak | |
| lexeme | валомык | |
| meaning 1 | to listen | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | ||
| comment | КорРС 13 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 29 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kukatja | |
| lexeme | kulila | |
| meaning 1 | to hear / to listen | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Evans, Wilkins 2000: 569 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 30 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kunwinjku | |
| lexeme | bekkan | |
| meaning 1 | to hear / to listen | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand (a language) | |
| reference | Evans, Wilkins 2000: 568 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 31 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Luiseño | |
| lexeme | náqma | |
| meaning 1 | to hear / to listen | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Elliott 1999: 592 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 32 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Matsés (Mayoruna) | |
| lexeme | tantia | |
| meaning 1 | to hear / to listen | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Fleck Zuazo D.W., Uaquí Bëso F.Sh., Jiménez Huanán D.M. Diccionario Matsés-Castellano con Índice Alfabético Castellano-Matsés e Índice Semántico Castellano-Matsés Imprenta Gráfica “Daniela“, 2012 206 |
|
| NEW Realization 33 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Nez Perce (Nimipuutímt) | |
| lexeme | micí | |
| meaning 1 | to hear / to listen | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Aoki 1994: 443 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 34 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ngalakgan | |
| lexeme | banarr- | |
| meaning 1 | to hear / to listen | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Evans, Wilkins 2000: 569 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 35 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ngalkbun | |
| lexeme | wonan | |
| meaning 1 | to hear / to listen | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Evans, Wilkins 2000: 567 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 36 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Nganasan | |
| lexeme | дильситiси | |
| meaning 1 | to listen | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | NMS: 436 Kosterkina, Momde, Ždanova 2001: 41 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 37 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Palana | |
| lexeme | valom- | |
| meaning 1 | to hear / to listen | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Fortescue 2005: 313 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 38 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Palenquero | |
| lexeme | kuchá | |
| meaning 1 | to hear / to listen | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Vanhove 2008: 352 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 39 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Pintupi-Luritja | |
| lexeme | kulinu | |
| meaning 1 | to hear | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Evans, Wilkins 2000: 569 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 40 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Pitjantjatjara | |
| lexeme | kulini | |
| meaning 1 | to hear / to listen | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Ibarretxe-Antuñano 2008b: 25 | |
| comment | Evans, Wilkins 2000 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 41 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Russian | |
| lexeme | slyšat' | |
| meaning 1 | to hear | слышать смех to hear laughter |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to hear | это якут, он по-русски не слышит; он не говорит по-коряцки, а слышит He is Yakut, he does not understand Russian; he does not speak Koryak but he understands it. |
| reference | ||
| comment | Lower Indigir idioms | |
| NEW Realization 42 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | So (Uganda) | |
| lexeme | ɓuɓ | |
| meaning 1 | to hear | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Heine, Eithne 2010: 6 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 43 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Sursurunga | |
| lexeme | tárma-i | |
| meaning 1 | to listen to | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Hutchisson and Hutchisson: 677 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 44 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Swahili | |
| lexeme | sikia | |
| meaning 1 | to hear | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Polikanov | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 45 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Telefol | |
| lexeme | tinágkam-in | |
| meaning 1 | to hear | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Healey & Healey 1977: 171, 284 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 46 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tem (Kotokoli) | |
| lexeme | nɩɩ́ | |
| meaning 1 | to hear / to listen | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Abassa et al.: 309 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 47 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Thao | |
| lexeme | t<un>maza | |
| meaning 1 | to hear, listen | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand (a language) | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 48 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tibetan | |
| lexeme | khums-pa | |
| meaning 1 | to hear, to listen | |
| meaning 2 | to know, to understand | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Рерих I, 276. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 49 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tundra Yukaghir | |
| lexeme | мөри- | |
| meaning 1 | to hear | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to understand (language) | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Аникин 2000, 497 | |
| NEW Realization 50 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tundra Yukaghir | |
| lexeme | мөри- | |
| meaning 1 | to hear / to listen | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Kurilov 2001: 264 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 51 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Udmurt | |
| lexeme | анланы | |
| meaning 1 | to hear / to listen | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Kirillova 2008 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 52 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Wagaya | |
| lexeme | larr- | |
| meaning 1 | to hear | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Evans, Wilkins 2000: 570 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 53 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Warlpiri | |
| lexeme | purda-nyanyi | |
| meaning 1 | to hear / to listen | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Evans, Wilkins 2000: 570 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 54 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Warluwara | |
| lexeme | rlari- | |
| meaning 1 | to hear / to listen | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Evans, Wilkins 2000: 553 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 55 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Wik-Mungkan | |
| lexeme | ngeeyan | |
| meaning 1 | to hear / to listen | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Evans, Wilkins 2000: 567 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 56 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Wubuy (Nunggubuyu) | |
| lexeme | wawangki- | |
| meaning 1 | to hear / to listen | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Evans, Wilkins 2000: 571 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 57 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Yakut | |
| lexeme | isit- | |
| meaning 1 | to hear | |
| meaning 2 | to understand, to comprehend | nūččaly istäγin duo? Do you understand (lit. hear) Russian? |
| reference | ||
| comment | Аникин 2000, 497. ЯРС 156. | |
| NEW Realization 58 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Yakut | |
| lexeme | иһит | |
| meaning 1 | to hear / to listen | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand (a language) | нууччалыы истэҕин дуо? do you understand Russian? |
| reference | SakhaTyla.Ru | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 59 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Yaqui (Hiaki) | |
| lexeme | hikka | |
| meaning 1 | to hear, listen | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Dictionary Yaqui: 46 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 60 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Yawuru | |
| lexeme | langka- | |
| meaning 1 | to hear | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Evans, Wilkins 2000: 570 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 61 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Yegha | |
| lexeme | ningári | |
| meaning 1 | to hear / to listen to | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Farr & Farr 2008: 361 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 62 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Yupik | |
| lexeme | niiqur | |
| meaning 1 | to hear | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to understand | |
| reference | Vanhove 2008: 352 | |
| comment | ||