to fear, be afraid
—
to respect
19 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 | |
| 3597 | to be ashamed | → | to respect | Open |
| NEW Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Chukchee | |
| Lexeme | ваймангыргын | |
| Meaning 1 | fear | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | respect; hospitality | |
| Reference | Moll, Inènlikèj 1957: 19 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Borrowing | |
| Language | Classical Arabic | |
| Lexeme | hāba | |
| Meaning 1 | 'to dread, fear' | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | 'to revere, venerate, respect, honour' | |
| Reference | Lane: 2909 | |
| Comment | Hence, haybat- 'reverence, veneration, respect, honour, dread or awe; fear, caution', which has been borrowed from Arabic in Hausa woba 'misgivings, fear' (see Haser 2000, 185). | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Egyptian | |
| Lexeme | nrw | |
| Meaning 1 | terror, fear | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | awe | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | nrj 'frighten, respect' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Geez | |
| Lexeme | farha | |
| Meaning 1 | be afraid, fear | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to revere | ʔaḥadu ʔaḥadu ʔəmənnekəmu yəfrāh ʔabāhu wa-ʔəmmo Each one of you should respect your father and your mother (Lev 19:3) |
| Reference | CDG | |
| Comment | Cf. also farāhi 'fearful, reverent'. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | German | |
| Lexeme 1 | fürchten | |
| Lexeme 2 | Ehrfurcht | |
| Meaning 1 | to fear, to be afraid | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | awe, honour | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Ik (Icetot) | |
| Lexeme | ɬɛɓ-ɔn | |
| Meaning 1 | to fear | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to respect | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | Heine Bernd. Ik Dictionary Rüdiger Köppe, 1999 63 |
|
| NEW Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Ik (Icetot) | |
| Lexeme | mor-on | |
| Meaning 1 | to fear | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to respect | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | Heine Bernd. Ik Dictionary Rüdiger Köppe, 1999 66 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Indonesian | |
| Lexeme | takut | |
| Meaning 1 | fear | |
| Meaning 2 | reverence, respect | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Haser 2000, 185 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Khmer | |
| Lexeme | sɲaeŋ | |
| Meaning 1 | to fear, to be scared | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to esteem, to respect | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Presumably it is related genetically to sɲaep 'to be afraid'. Gorgoniev 1984, 748-749 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Kurux | |
| Lexeme | elcnā (ilcyas) | |
| Meaning 1 | fear | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | have a reverential awe of, have misgivings | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Haser 2000, 185 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Latin | |
| Lexeme | vereror, -ēri | |
| Meaning 1 | to fear, to be afraid | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to respect, to honour | vereri deos, vereri parentes |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Haser 2000, 185, Glare 2035-2036 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Marshallese | |
| Lexeme | lʌļŋɒŋ | |
| Meaning 1 | fear, fright | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | awe | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Haser 2000, 185 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Nahuatl | |
| Lexeme | mahuitzli | |
| Meaning 1 | fear | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | person worthy of honor | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | mahui 'e fearfl, be afraid, inspire fear or reverence, be glorious' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Sumerian | |
| Lexeme 1 | ní-te | |
| Lexeme 2 | ní~te(ĝ) | |
| Meaning 1 | to be overhelmed by fear, fear | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to revere, respect | |
| Reference | Haser 2000: 185 | |
| Comment | Compl. verb (lit. "to approach fear"). Cf. Thomsen, Mes. 10, 319: ní~te/ti "to be afraid of", with Commitative infix -da-; Attinger, NABU 2004, Nr. 79, S. 81: ní~te "avoir peur" (Komposit-Verbum); Flückiger, Urnamma p.341: "to be seized with panic, to spread panic, to be afraid". | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Swahili | |
| Lexeme | cha | |
| Meaning 1 | to fear, to be afraid, to be frightened | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to honour, to respect | cha Mungu to honour God |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Polikanov | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Turkish | |
| Lexeme | perva | |
| Meaning 1 | fear | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | respect, esteem | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Haser 2000, 185 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tzotzil | |
| Lexeme | xi(c) | |
| Meaning 1 | be afraid of, fear | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | honor, respect, revere | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Haser 2000, 185 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Zulu | |
| Lexeme 1 | ukwesba | |
| Lexeme 2 | ukwesaba | |
| Meaning 1 | fear | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | reverence | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Haser 2000, 185 | |
| NEW Realization 19 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Zulu | |
| Lexeme | azisa | |
| Meaning 1 | to fear | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to respect | |
| Reference | Луцков А.Д. Зулу-Русский словарь 2014: 12 | |
| Comment | ||