to fear, be afraid
→
to respect
20 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 | |
| 3597 | to be ashamed | → | to respect | Open |
-
Comment
| NEW Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Akkadian | |
| lexeme | adāru | |
| meaning 1 | to fear (the deity), to respect (the oath, parents) | ādur-ma nīška ukabbit (Bab. 12 p. 23 r. 13) I feared and honored the oath taken by you (the son-god Šamaš). |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to be afraid (of someone), to be in awe | šī ayy īdurka (Gilg. III ii 20) She should not fear you! |
| reference | CAD: A 1, 108f. | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Chukchee | |
| lexeme | ваймангыргын | |
| meaning 1 | fear | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | respect; hospitality | |
| reference | Moll, Inènlikèj 1957: 19 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Borrowing | |
| language | Classical Arabic | |
| lexeme | hāba | |
| meaning 1 | to dread, fear | لا يهاب الموت بل ان الموت يهابه lā yahābu l-mawt-a bal inna l-mawt-u yahābuhu (prob.) He is not afraid of death, rather the death is afraid of him (about a brave man). |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to revere, venerate, respect, honour | هَبِ النَّاسَ يَهَابُوكَ hab-i n-nās-a yahābūka Reverence men, they will reverence you. |
| reference | Lane: 2909 | |
| comment | Hence, haybat- 'reverence, veneration, respect, honour, dread or awe; fear, caution', which has been borrowed from Arabic in Hausa woba 'misgivings, fear' (see Haser 2000, 185). | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Egyptian | |
| lexeme | nrw | |
| meaning 1 | terror, fear | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | awe | |
| reference | ||
| comment | nrj 'frighten, respect' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Geez | |
| lexeme | farha | |
| meaning 1 | to be afraid, fear | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to revere | ʔaḥadu ʔaḥadu ʔəmənnekəmu yəfrāh ʔabāhu wa-ʔəmmo Each one of you should respect your father and your mother (Lev 19:3) |
| reference | CDG: 165-166 | |
| comment | Cf. also farāhi 'fearful, reverent'. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | German | |
| lexeme 1 | fürchten | |
| lexeme 2 | Ehrfurcht | |
| meaning 1 | to fear, to be afraid | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | awe, honour | |
| reference | ABBYY LINGUO | |
| comment | В нем. Ehrfurcht значение "почитать" вносится словом Ehre "честь" |
|
| NEW Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ik (Icetot) | |
| lexeme | ɬɛɓ-ɔn | |
| meaning 1 | to fear | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to respect | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Heine Bernd. Ik Dictionary Rüdiger Köppe, 1999 63 |
|
| NEW Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ik (Icetot) | |
| lexeme | mor-on | |
| meaning 1 | to fear | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to respect | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Heine Bernd. Ik Dictionary Rüdiger Köppe, 1999 66 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Indonesian | |
| lexeme | takut | |
| meaning 1 | fear | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | reverence, respect | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Haser 2000, 185 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Khmer | |
| lexeme | sɲaeŋ | |
| meaning 1 | to fear, to be scared | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to esteem, to respect | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Presumably it is related genetically to sɲaep 'to be afraid'. Gorgoniev 1984, 748-749 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kurux | |
| lexeme | elcnā (ilcyas) | |
| meaning 1 | fear | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | have a reverential awe of, have misgivings | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Haser 2000, 185 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Latin | |
| lexeme | vereror, -ēri | |
| meaning 1 | to fear, to be afraid | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to respect, to honour | vereri deos, vereri parentes |
| reference | ||
| comment | Haser 2000, 185, Glare 2035-2036 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Marshallese | |
| lexeme | lʌļŋɒŋ | |
| meaning 1 | fear, fright | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | awe | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Haser 2000, 185 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Nahuatl | |
| lexeme | mahuitzli | |
| meaning 1 | fear | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | person worthy of honor | |
| reference | ||
| comment | mahui 'e fearfl, be afraid, inspire fear or reverence, be glorious' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Sumerian | |
| lexeme 1 | ní-te | |
| lexeme 2 | ní~te(ĝ) | |
| meaning 1 | to be overhelmed by fear, fear | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to revere, respect | |
| reference | Haser 2000: 185 | |
| comment | Compl. verb (lit. "to approach fear"). Cf. Thomsen, Mes. 10, 319: ní~te/ti "to be afraid of", with Commitative infix -da-; Attinger, NABU 2004, Nr. 79, S. 81: ní~te "avoir peur" (Komposit-Verbum); Flückiger, Urnamma p.341: "to be seized with panic, to spread panic, to be afraid". | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Swahili | |
| lexeme | cha | |
| meaning 1 | to fear, to be afraid, to be frightened | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to honour, to respect | cha Mungu to honour God |
| reference | ||
| comment | Polikanov | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Turkish | |
| lexeme | perva | |
| meaning 1 | fear | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | respect, esteem | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Haser 2000, 185 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tzotzil | |
| lexeme | xi(c) | |
| meaning 1 | be afraid of, fear | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | honor, respect, revere | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Haser 2000, 185 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 19 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Zulu | |
| lexeme 1 | ukwesba | |
| lexeme 2 | ukwesaba | |
| meaning 1 | fear | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | reverence | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Haser 2000, 185 | |
| NEW Realization 20 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Zulu | |
| lexeme | azisa | |
| meaning 1 | to fear | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to respect | |
| reference | Луцков А.Д. Зулу-Русский словарь 2014: 12 | |
| comment | ||