to precede first 3 realizations
NEW Realization 1
type Derivation
language Classical Arabic
lexeme قَدَمَ qadama
meaning 1 to go before, to precede

quddāma-hu


before him

direction
meaning 2 first

qadama al-qawm-a


He headed the people.

reference Lane: 2985
comment

The root *qdm is also connected with the concepts of seniority, antiquity, and courage [DUL 694, CDG 421, Tropper 2000:769].

ACCEPTED Realization 2
type Polysemy
language Finongan
lexeme been
meaning 1 before Been a mendenta fatguka.

There used to be enemies before.

direction
meaning 2 first

Belo been yuguk a kadang kubit gegede tenen yuguk.

A fattege nemenen te been bonengkong asinin yangale nandengange.


The first bell rang signalling for us to light the dry bamboo.

We will hear them announce which team will come in first place.

reference Rice 2015: 35
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 3
type Derivation
language Geez
lexeme 1 ḳadama
lexeme 2 ḳadāmi, ḳadām
meaning 1 to go before, come before, precede
direction
meaning 2 first
reference CDG: 421
comment