father
→
ancestor
38 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 | |
| 3871 | father | — | grandfather | Open |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Ancient Greek | |
| Lexeme 1 | πᾰτήρ | |
| Lexeme 2 | πατέρες (pl.) | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestor | |
| Reference | LSJ | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Azerbaijani | |
| Lexeme 1 | ata | |
| Lexeme 2 | atalar | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestors | atalar deyiblər ancestors spoke |
| Reference | Azərbaycanca-rusca lüǧet 2006: 1, 161 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Batsbi | |
| Lexeme 1 | dad, dād | |
| Lexeme 2 | dadi | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | (pl.) ancestors | |
| Reference | Mikeladze, Gigashvili 2012: 176 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Dutch | |
| Lexeme 1 | vader | |
| Lexeme 2 | vaderen | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestors | |
| Reference | Mironov 1987: 733 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | English | |
| Lexeme 1 | father | |
| Lexeme 2 | fathers | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestors | |
| Reference | ODE | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Evenki | |
| Lexeme | амты̄л (amtӯl) | |
| Meaning 1 | fathers | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestors | |
| Reference | Boldyrev 2000: 1, 35 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Finnish | |
| Lexeme 1 | isä | |
| Lexeme 2 | isät | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestor | |
| Reference | Vahros, Ščerbakov 2007: 157 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Gagauz | |
| Lexeme 1 | ата | |
| Lexeme 2 | аталар | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestors | |
| Reference | Gajdarži et al. 1973: 57 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | German | |
| Lexeme 1 | Vater | |
| Lexeme 2 | Väter | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestor | |
| Reference | Moskal'skaja (ed.) 2001 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Guarani | |
| Lexeme | tuva | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestor | |
| Reference | Jover Peralta, Osuna 1950: 153 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Hausa | |
| Lexeme | uba | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | great grandfather | |
| Reference | Ol'derogge ed. 1963: 367 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Hindi | |
| Lexeme | pitri | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestor | |
| Reference | Beskrovnyj 1959: 702 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Hungarian | |
| Lexeme 1 | atya | |
| Lexeme 2 | atyák (pl.) | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestors | |
| Reference | Gal’di 1987: 58 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Irish Gaelic | |
| Lexeme | athair | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestor | |
| Reference | Ó Dónaill 1977 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Italian | |
| Lexeme 1 | padre | |
| Lexeme 2 | padri | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestors | seguire l'esempio dei padri follow the example of the fathers |
| Reference | Zor'ko et al. 2002: 612 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Karachay-Balkar | |
| Lexeme | ата | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestor | |
| Reference | Tenišev, Sujunčev 1985: 85 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Kazakh | |
| Lexeme | ата (ata) | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestor | ата-мұра heratage of ancestors |
| Reference | Bektaev 1995: 60 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Kichwa | |
| Lexeme | yaya | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestor | |
| Reference | Chimbo Aguinda et al. 2007: 227 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 19 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Kui | |
| Lexeme | āba | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestor | |
| Reference | Winfield Kui Vocabulary: 1 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 20 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Kyrghyz | |
| Lexeme | ата (ata) | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestor | |
| Reference | ESTJA: 1, 200-201 | |
| Comment | Also Karaim, Karakalpak, Uyghur, Altai | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 21 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Latin | |
| Lexeme 1 | pater | |
| Lexeme 2 | patres | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestor | |
| Reference | Glare: 1307 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 22 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Modern Greek | |
| Lexeme 1 | πατέρας | |
| Lexeme 2 | πατέρες | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestors | |
| Reference | Xorikov, Malev 1993: 610 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 23 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Osetin | |
| Lexeme 1 | фыд | |
| Lexeme 2 | фыдӕлтӕ (pl.) | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestors | мӕ фыдӕлтӕ зӕхх land of my ancestors |
| Reference | Abaev: 1, 488 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 24 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Oyrot | |
| Lexeme | ада | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestor | |
| Reference | Baskakov, Toščakova 1947: 12 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 25 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Portuguese | |
| Lexeme 1 | pai | |
| Lexeme 2 | pais | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestors | |
| Reference | Feerštejn, Starec 2005: 592 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 26 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Quechua | |
| Lexeme | tayta, tata | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestor | |
| Reference | AMLQ: 616, 619 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 27 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Romani | |
| Lexeme 1 | дад | |
| Lexeme 2 | дада | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestors | |
| Reference | Demeter, Demeter 1990: 61 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 28 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme 1 | отец | |
| Lexeme 2 | отцы | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestor | Много поколений назад наши отцы заселили просторы Сибири Many generations ago, our fathers settled in the vastness of Siberia |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 29 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Sanskrit | |
| Lexeme 1 | pitṛ́ | |
| Lexeme 2 | pitáraḥ (pl.) | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestors | |
| Reference | MW | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 30 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Serbian | |
| Lexeme | отац (otac) | |
| Meaning 1 | father | Oženjen, otac dvoje dece. Married, father of two children. |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestor | Kao što su pre naši oci primili krštenje od svetoga Petra. As before our ancestors received baptism from St. Peter. |
| Reference | CLARIN.SI Vujanitsh et al. 2007: 895 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 31 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Spanish | |
| Lexeme | padre | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestor | |
| Reference | DRAE | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 32 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Swahili | |
| Lexeme | baba | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestor | |
| Reference | Polikanov: Rechenbach 1967, 19 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 33 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tamil | |
| Lexeme | muṉṉōṉ | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestor | |
| Reference | Tamil lexicon: 3308 | |
| Comment | Cf. Gaṇeśa, god, predecessor, ancestor, father, elder brother; | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 34 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tojolabal | |
| Lexeme | tat, tatal | |
| Meaning 1 | father | san jtat Good morning, Dad |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestor | ja jnan jtatik ‘ajyi wa sna’awe’ ju’un. Our ancestors knew how to read and write. |
| Reference | Lenkersdorf 2010: 553 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 35 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Turkish | |
| Lexeme 1 | baba | |
| Lexeme 2 | babalarımız | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestors (lit. our fathers) | |
| Reference | Jusipova 2005 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 36 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Udihe | |
| Lexeme 1 | абŷ | |
| Lexeme 2 | абŷӡига | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestors | |
| Reference | Simonov, Kyalundzyuga 1998: 84 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 37 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Udihe | |
| Lexeme 1 | ама | |
| Lexeme 2 | амаӡига | |
| Meaning 1 | (folkor) father | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | paternal ancestors | |
| Reference | Simonov, Kyalundzyuga 1998: 116 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 38 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Vietnamese | |
| Lexeme | cha | |
| Meaning 1 | father | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ancestor | |
| Reference | Ošanin, Vũ Đăng Ất 1961: 85 | |
| Comment | ||