child (son or daughter)
—
child (vs. adult)
80 realizations
Global
Related shifts
| ID | Relation type | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 | |
| 8334 | little, small | → | child | Open |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 (ID: 29893) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ancient Greek | |
| lexeme | παῖς | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | LSJ | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 (ID: 29971) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Bashkir | |
| lexeme | бала | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | Иң ҡурҡынысы — үҫмер балаңдың кеҫәһендә шприц табыу. The most frightening (thing) is to find a syringe in your teenager son's (daughter's) pocket. |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | Бала зиһененә йәнһүрәттең тәьҫире ныҡ көслө. The impact of animated cartoons is very strong on a child's mind. |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 (ID: 30040) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Basque | |
| lexeme | haur | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 (ID: 30038) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Bezhta | |
| lexeme | къора | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | Tlyadal and Khasharkhota dialects Bezhta dialect - къова CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 (ID: 29861) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Burmese | |
| lexeme | ka.le: (ကလေး) | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | SEAlang Burmrse | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 (ID: 30104) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Cayuvava | |
| lexeme 1 | rɔmi | |
| lexeme 2 | rɔ̃mi | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 (ID: 30103) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Chiriguano (Eastern Bolivian Guaraní) | |
| lexeme | meᵐbɨ | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 (ID: 30108) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Cofán | |
| lexeme | dɨʔšɨ | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 (ID: 30110) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Colorado (Tsafiki) | |
| lexeme | na | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 (ID: 17061) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Danish | |
| lexeme | barn | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | forældre og børn parents and children |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | barnets udvikling the development of the child |
| reference | DDO | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 (ID: 29883) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Dutch | |
| lexeme | kind | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 (ID: 16965) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | English | |
| lexeme | child | |
| meaning 1 | son or daughter of any age | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | young human being below the age of full physical development; | |
| reference | ODE | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 (ID: 30109) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Epena (Eperara) | |
| lexeme | 'war̃a | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 (ID: 30049) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Erzya | |
| lexeme | эйкакш | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | вейкине эйкакш the only child (in family) |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | Иень коряс — атя, а превень коряс — эйкакш by age - an old man, by mind - a child |
| reference | Serebrennikov et al. 1993: 63, 119 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 (ID: 29884) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Estonian | |
| lexeme | laps | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | EKSS | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 (ID: 29949) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Farsi | |
| lexeme | farzand (فَرزَند) | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 17 (ID: 29886) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Finnish | |
| lexeme | lapsi | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (person who is below the age of adulthood) | |
| reference | Vahros, Ščerbakov 2007 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 18 (ID: 17059) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | French | |
| lexeme | enfant | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | avoir un enfant to have a child |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | petit enfant a little child |
| reference | CNRTL | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 19 (ID: 30010) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Gagauz | |
| lexeme | uşak | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | uşaan var mı? Do you have children? |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | díilsin uşak e! You are not a child! |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Gagauzça-rusça-romınca sözlük = Гагаузско-русско-румынский словарь = Dicţionar găgăuz-rus-român / Fundaţia pentru susţinerea şi dezvoltarea ştiinţei şi culturii găgăuzilor "CAINAC"; alcăt. P. Cebotari, I. Dron. - Ch.: PONTOS, 2002 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 20 (ID: 30051) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Gamilaraay | |
| lexeme | birralii | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | Giirr-nga ngay gulii-yu birralii gaanga-nhi. My wife had the baby all right. |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | Birralii-gal-u nhama maadhaay buma-y. The children hit the dog |
| reference | Ash et al. 2003: 41 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 21 (ID: 30015) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Gawwada (Ale) | |
| lexeme | miʔaye | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 22 (ID: 30209) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Geez | |
| lexeme | wald | |
| meaning 1 | son; boy | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child | |
| reference | CDG: 613 | |
| comment | The original meaning of Proto-EthS *wald- (and *lVd-) ‘son’ was probably ‘boy’ as in the case of its immediate parallels in Hebrew (yäläd, HALOT 412) and Arabic (walad-, Lane 2966). All these terms are derived from PS *wld ‘to bear’, widely attested both withing and outside EthS (SED I No. 80v). Lack of lexical distinction between the meanings “son” and “boy”/”child” — similar to bēn vs. yäläd in Hebrew — observable throughout EthS is atypical for Semitic languages and might be due to the substratum influence. (Kogan 2015:458) For more examples see http://sed-online.ru/reconstructions/587 . |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 23 (ID: 30099) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Gelao (Kelao) | |
| lexeme | to.35 łje.35 | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 Sanchong Kelao |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 24 (ID: 29892) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | German | |
| lexeme | Kind | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | Er war das zweitgeborene Kind in der Familie. He was the second-born child in the family. |
| reference | Duden | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 25 (ID: 30014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Gurindji | |
| lexeme | karu | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 26 (ID: 30013) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Hausa | |
| lexeme | ɗáa | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 27 (ID: 30012) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Hawaiian | |
| lexeme | keiki | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 28 (ID: 17064) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Hungarian | |
| lexeme | gyerek | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | az ember(nek) gyereke this person's child |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | Még csak gyerek. He is only a kid yet. |
| reference | MEK 1978 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 29 (ID: 30039) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Hunzib | |
| lexeme | къəра | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 30 (ID: 17063) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Icelandic | |
| lexeme | barn | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | ISLEX | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 31 (ID: 30011) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Indonesian | |
| lexeme | anak | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 32 (ID: 30037) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Inkhokvari | |
| lexeme | къала | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 33 (ID: 30008) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Iraqw | |
| lexeme | na/aay | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 34 (ID: 30007) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kanuri | |
| lexeme | tádà | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 35 (ID: 30101) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Karata | |
| lexeme | макІи | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 36 (ID: 30102) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kawésqar (Qawasqar, Alacaluf) | |
| lexeme | eyxyol | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 37 (ID: 29913) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kazakh | |
| lexeme | бала | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | Syzdykova, Xusain (eds.) 2001 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 38 (ID: 30100) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Khwarshi | |
| lexeme | къале | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 Kwantlada dialect - къала |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 39 (ID: 29915) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Latvian | |
| lexeme | bērns | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 40 (ID: 29927) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Luxembourgish | |
| lexeme | Kand | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | LOD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 41 (ID: 30097) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Mairasi | |
| lexeme | tat | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | Om osetavu tat omot natuar tete'en movun jangginyanev. I've come to ask for medicine because my child has diarrhea |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | Tatovna'a sevami, evevei, tat neio sosravjamian. The men will sing, and the women and children will dance |
| reference | Peckham: 408 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 42 (ID: 30006) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Manang (Manange, Nyishang) | |
| lexeme | 1kola | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 43 (ID: 29879) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Mandarin Chinese | |
| lexeme | xiǎohái (小孩) | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | BKRS | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 44 (ID: 29880) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Mandarin Chinese | |
| lexeme | háizi (孩子) | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | BKRS | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 45 (ID: 29931) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Middle English | |
| lexeme | barn | |
| meaning 1 | offspring, a son or daughter | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | infant, a child | |
| reference | MED | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 46 (ID: 29932) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Middle English | |
| lexeme | chīld | |
| meaning 1 | descendent (of particular parents), son or daughter | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | young child, a baby, boy or girl (usually to the age of puberty) | |
| reference | MED | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 47 (ID: 30003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Modern Greek | |
| lexeme | παιδί | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | Είχαν δύο παιδιά, ένα αγό ρι κι ένα κορίτσι. Έχει δύο παιδιά, το ένα δέκα χρονών και τ΄ άλλο ακόμα μωρό, στην κούνια. Mεγάλωσαν τα παιδιά του, παντρεύτηκαν, του ΄καναν και εγγόνια. Δυο παιδιά έχει, και τα δυο σπουδάζουν στο εξωτερικό. They had two children, a boy and a girl. He has two children, one ten years old and the other still a baby, in the cradle. His children grew up, got married, and gave him grandchildren. He has two children, both studying abroad. |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | Tα παιδιά παίζουν. The children are playing. |
| reference | DSMG | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 48 (ID: 30045) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Moksha | |
| lexeme | шаба | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | шабафтома ава childless woman |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | Месть шаба прясонза тяфта тиенди? ( В. Лёвин, Аера варма) Why is he not behaving like a child should? |
| reference | Serebrennikov et al. 1998 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 49 (ID: 30114) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Negerhollands | |
| lexeme | kin | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 50 (ID: 30036) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Nepali | |
| lexeme | baccā | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 51 (ID: 17060) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Norwegian | |
| lexeme | barn | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | foreldre og barn parents and children |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | filmen er forbudt for barn this movie is prohibited for children |
| reference | BO | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 52 (ID: 30001) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Otomi | |
| lexeme | bätsi | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 53 (ID: 30041) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Polci | |
| lexeme | miir | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 54 (ID: 29950) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Polish | |
| lexeme | dziecko | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | WSJP | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 55 (ID: 30035) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Punjabi | |
| lexeme | bāla | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 56 (ID: 30112) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Rapanui | |
| lexeme | poki | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 57 (ID: 30111) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Rotuman | |
| lexeme | leʔe | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 58 (ID: 16966) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Russian | |
| lexeme | ребёнок | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | BAS | |
| comment | Pl. ребята only in second meaning. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 59 (ID: 30002) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Saramaccan | |
| lexeme | mií | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 60 (ID: 29997) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Seychellois Creole | |
| lexeme | zanfan | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 61 (ID: 29998) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Seychellois Creole | |
| lexeme | toto | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 62 (ID: 29999) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Seychellois Creole | |
| lexeme | piti | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 63 (ID: 30000) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Seychellois Creole | |
| lexeme | marmay | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 64 (ID: 30106) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Shipibo-Conibo | |
| lexeme | βakɨ | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 65 (ID: 29961) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Slovenian | |
| lexeme | otròk | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | SSKJ2 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 66 (ID: 29984) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Standard Zhuang | |
| lexeme | lwgnyez | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 67 (ID: 17062) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Swedish | |
| lexeme | barn | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | de har tre vuxna barn they have three grown-up children |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | passa barn to look after children |
| reference | SAO | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 68 (ID: 30044) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Syriac | |
| lexeme | ylwd, ylwdˀ | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | LSyr.: 301 SL: 572 MD: 192 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 69 (ID: 29964) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tamil | |
| lexeme | piḷḷai (பிள்ளை) | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | boy, girl | |
| reference | Tamil lexicon | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 70 (ID: 29996) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tarifit Berber | |
| lexeme | aħənžia | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 71 (ID: 29970) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tatar | |
| lexeme | бала | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 72 (ID: 30213) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tigre | |
| lexeme | wad | |
| meaning 1 | son | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | young man, child | |
| reference | WTS: 430 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 73 (ID: 30042) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tsez | |
| lexeme | хехби | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 74 (ID: 30047) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tver Karelian | |
| lexeme | lapši | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | ših aigah meil'ä ol'i jo kolme lašta: brihan’e i kakši t’ut’ös’t’ä at that time we already had three children: a boy and two girls |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | issutettih miwn l'ekuttamah lašta, a ice ol’iin viel'ä lapši they put me to swing a child, and I myself was still a child |
| reference | Punžina 1994: 131. 134 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 75 (ID: 30107) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Waorani | |
| lexeme | wẽyæ̃-gã | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 76 (ID: 30046) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Welsh | |
| lexeme | plentyn | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | Geiriadur | |
| comment | singulative of plant 'children' |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 77 (ID: 29995) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | White Hmong (Hmong Daw) | |
| lexeme | menyuam | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 78 (ID: 30105) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Yaminahua | |
| lexeme | βakɨ | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 79 (ID: 30113) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ye'kuana (Maquiritari, Dekwana) | |
| lexeme | nnedɨ | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 80 (ID: 30050) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Yir Yoront | |
| lexeme | lerren | |
| meaning 1 | child (son or daughter) | Ngoyo lerrenvm. Warrchuwrr athan, lerrn komrr, pam-keperr athan#/ lerrn yamar-lon. I am childless. My wife has no children; my sister has many children. |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | child (of age) | Lerrn i kowolh wuw. Are those children in the water? |
| reference | Alpher 1991: 249 | |
| comment | ||
Georgian švili (შვილი) does not show age at all, it only indicates parent-child ties.
Old English ċild and bearn both translate "child," but they bear somewhat different shades of meaning. Bearn refers to a child of someone, and is most often found in possessive phrases such as "his child" and "her child"—like Modern English "son" and "daughter," but gender-neutral. Ċild only occasionally appears in those contexts but is the default word in all others—a gender-neutral term for "boy" or "girl." This difference can be seen in derived compounds such as ċildhād (“childhood”) and bearnlīest (“childlessness”)
Swahili mtoto 'child (very young person)', mwana 'child (a son or daughter)'.
Spansh hijo, hija vs. chico, chica, niño, niña
Thai lûuk (ลูก) son or daughter vs. dèk (เด็ก) person below the age of adulthood
Ngardi ngarlayi 'child, son or daughter', jingka 'child, baby, small young of animal', kurdu 'child, little one', lamparn 'little one, small child, young, small one' Cataldi 2011, 74, 143, 154, 219