boy
—
son
48 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 | |
| 575 | girl | — | daughter | Open |
| NEW Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Afar | |
| Lexeme | áwka | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985) An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, page 47 |
|
| NEW Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Afar | |
| Lexeme | báxa | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985) An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN, page 65 |
|
| NEW Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Amharic | |
| Lexeme | ləǧ | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | AED | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Amharic | |
| Lexeme | ləǧ | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | AED | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Ancient Greek | |
| Lexeme | κόρος | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | Sakhno 2009: 303 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Assamese | |
| Lexeme | soli (ছলি) | |
| Meaning 1 | (Kamrupi, Barpeta, Bajali) boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | (Kamrupi, Barpeta, Bajali) son | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Assamese | |
| Lexeme | apa (আপা) | |
| Meaning 1 | (Kamrupi) boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | (Kamrupi) son | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Assamese | |
| Lexeme | löra (ল’ৰা) | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Avar | |
| Lexeme | was | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | The polysemy in general is typical for Nakh-Daghestanian languages and their different groups (i.e. the words that do not necessarily go back to the same proto-root) (Kibrik, Kodzasov 1990: 57). | |
| NEW Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Bamu | |
| Lexeme | mere | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | Carr & Carr 2012: 54 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Batsbi | |
| Lexeme | vǒⱨ | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | Mikeladze, Gigashvili 2012: 313 | |
| Comment | used only by women | |
| NEW Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Batsbi | |
| Lexeme | ḳnat | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | Bertlani (ed.) 2013: 31 | |
| Comment | used by men and women as well | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Chaha | |
| Lexeme | ärč | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | mamo wäxe ärču 'Mamo is a good boy' |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | yäbəru nəḳ ärč mamo 'Biru's oldest son Mamo' |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | (LGur. 19). | |
| NEW Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Dari | |
| Lexeme | bače (بَچه) | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Doromu-Koki | |
| Lexeme | mida | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | Bradshaw 2021: 120 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Internal cognates | |
| Language | Estonian | |
| Lexeme 1 | poiss | |
| Lexeme 2 | poeg | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | EKSS | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Farsi | |
| Lexeme | pesar (پسر) | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Finnish | |
| Lexeme | poika | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | Vahros, Ščerbakov 2007 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 19 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Georgian | |
| Lexeme | važi (ვაჟი) | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 20 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Grass Koiarj | |
| Lexeme | vami | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | male offspring, male child | |
| Reference | Dutton 2003: 192 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 21 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Hawaiian | |
| Lexeme | keiki | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | Pukui, Elbert 1992 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 22 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Hindi | |
| Lexeme | laṛkā (लड़का) | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | yah laṛkā itnā lambā nahī̃ hai jitnī uskī bahan hai (यह लड़का इतना लंबा नहीं है जितनी उसकी बहन है।) yah laṛkā mujhe ek ā̃kh nahī̃ bhātā (यह लड़का मुझे एक आँख नहीं भाता।) This boy is not as tall as his sister. I do not like this boy at all. |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | yah mere kākā kā laṛkā hai. (यह मेरे काका का लड़का है।) merā laṛkā kal śām paidā huā thā. (मेरा लड़का कल शाम पैदा हुआ था।) This is my uncle's son. My son was born yesterday evening. |
| Reference | Bahri 1989 English Wiktionary | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 23 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Hungarian | |
| Lexeme | fiú | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | kisfiú a little boy |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | apja fia his father's son |
| Reference | Гальди 1974: 243 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 24 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Javanese | |
| Lexeme | kulup | |
| Meaning 1 | (term of address) boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | (term of address) son | |
| Reference | SEAlang Javanese | |
| Comment | (literary) 'with foreskin intact' | |
| NEW Realization 25 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Khamnigan Mongol | |
| Lexeme | kübü:n | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | Damdinov, Sundueva 2015: 177 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 26 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Kubachi | |
| Lexeme | гал | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | Magomedov, Saidov-Akkutta 2017: 141 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 27 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Kui | |
| Lexeme | āpo | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | Winfield Kui Vocabulary: 6 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 28 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Kurux | |
| Lexeme | kukkos | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | Oraon-English Dictionary: 389 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 29 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Lezgian | |
| Lexeme | gada | |
| Meaning 1 | boy, young man | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | (LezgRus 80). The same in Agul ГАДА, Tabassaran ГИДИ. | |
| NEW Realization 30 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Livvi-Karelian | |
| Lexeme | poigu | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | Tatjana Boiko (2019) Suuri Karjal-Venʹalaine Sanakniigu (livvin murreh) |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 31 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Malto (Sauria Paharia, references do not distinguish from Kumarbhag Paharia) | |
| Lexeme | maqe | |
| Meaning 1 | son | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | boy | |
| Reference | Mahapatra 1987: 102 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 32 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Manda | |
| Lexeme | kaḍde | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | Ramakrishna Manda: 23 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 33 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Maori | |
| Lexeme | tama | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | MD | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 34 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Modern Hebrew | |
| Lexeme | bén (בֵּן) | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | ← | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 35 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Mongolian (Khalkha) | |
| Lexeme | хүү | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | BAMRS 2001-2002 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 36 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Cognates | |
| Language 1 | Nepali | |
| Language 2 | Hindi | |
| Lexeme | chorā (छोरा) | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | Schmidt 1994 | |
| Comment | from Ashokan Prakrit *chokkara 'boy' |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 37 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Pengo | |
| Lexeme | bopa | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | Burrow-Bhattacharya's Pengo: 221 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 38 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Romani | |
| Lexeme | ćhavo | |
| Meaning 1 | Romani boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | Boretzky, Norbert; Igla, Birgit (1994), Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region], Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, page 55b |
|
| NEW Realization 39 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Romanian | |
| Lexeme | băiat | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | MDA2 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 40 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Sanskrit | |
| Lexeme | kumārá | |
| Meaning 1 | child , boy , youth | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | MW | |
| Comment | MW 292, Кочергина 166. Ku-māra (from mṛ 'to die') 'easily dying' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 41 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Sanskrit | |
| Lexeme | dāraka | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | MW | |
| Comment | MW476, Кочергина 265 | |
| NEW Realization 42 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Somali | |
| Lexeme | wiil(-ka) | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | Alejnikov 2012: 340 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 43 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Standard Zhuang | |
| Lexeme | lwg | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 44 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tabassaran | |
| Lexeme | baj | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | бицIи бай young boy |
| Meaning 2 | son, young man | аьхюну бай elder son |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | (TabRus 74) | |
| NEW Realization 45 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tajiki | |
| Lexeme | писар | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 46 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tatar | |
| Lexeme | малай | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | (colloquial) son | |
| Reference | Asylgaraev, Ganiev et al. (eds.) 2007: 2, 15 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 47 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Telugu | |
| Lexeme | biḍḍaḍu | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | Brown Telugu dictionary: 889 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 48 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Udihe | |
| Lexeme | бâта | |
| Meaning 1 | boy | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | son | |
| Reference | Simonov, Kyalundzyuga 1998: 169 | |
| Comment | ||
Ср. переход ДЕВОЧКА - ДОЧЬ.