Related shifts
ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
NEW Realization 1 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Semantic evolution | |
language | Akkadian | |
lexeme | paḫallu | |
meaning 1 | thigh | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | penis | |
reference | CAD: p 20 AHw.: 810 Kogan 2011b: 219 | |
comment | Versus the meaning 'penis' in other Semitic languages. From the Proto-semitic root *paḥl- (SED I no. 210). |
SUSPENDED Realization 2 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Semantic evolution | |
language | Jewish Aramaic | |
lexeme | paḥdīn (pl.) | |
meaning 1 | hip, thigh | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | testiculi | |
reference | Jastrow: 1151 SED I: no. 211 HALOT: root 7519 | |
comment | The shift is rather suspended. The lexeme paḥad is not attested as an euphemism for testicles in the Bible (> ˀäšäk אשך). The passage about hippopotamus in Job 40:17 yaḥpōṣ zәnāḇō ḵәmō ˀāräz gīḏē paḥaḏāu yәsōrāgū is thus problematic. The form paḥaḏāu is considered to mean 'testicles' here becuase of the adjacent words zәnāḇō (see the Hbr. realisation tail->penis) and yaḥpōṣ (verb ḥāpēṣ חפץ 'to desire, to take pleasure in'). The cognate in Arb.فَخِذٌ faḫiḏ- 'thigh' as an euphemism is not attested as well, and has no sexual connotations. In Aramaic there is also no such a thing (vs. Jastrow's etymology). Hapax in Job. -d is probably due to the Arm. origin of the word (*פחז > פחד). The idea of bibleistic scholars is rendered as follows: "The testicles of the hippopotamus are however internal, and so could hardly form a tpoic for the poet's description." Cf. also Arb. أُنْثَيَانِ dual. 'testicles' (lit. 'two women'). The idea behind is that testicles as the witnesses of copulation (for more see Kogan, Bulakh, 2013. The Arabic-Ethiopic Glossary by al-Malik al-Afḍal). |
The semantic shift is analogically attested within two Proto-Semitic roots, namely *paḥl- "thigh; penis" (SED I No. 210) and *paḫiḏ- "hip, thigh" (SED I no. 211). For the first verb, the typology of semantic evolution speaks for 'thigh' (see Akk. paḫallu) as the primary meaning of this root developed into 'penis' (and further into 'domestic animal (used to fecundate female cattle)' and 'to be sexually aroused'), and not vice versa. Concerning the second root, in Judaic Aramaic it's a suspended shift to 'testiculi' (see Jastrow 1151).