to fall asleep
→
to die
29 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Relation type | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 | |
| 2011 | to rest | → | to die | Open |
| NEW Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Armenian | |
| lexeme | kʻnel (քնել) | |
| meaning 1 | to fall asleep | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (euphemistic) to die | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Azerbaijani | |
| lexeme | uyumaq | |
| meaning 1 | to fall asleep | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (euphemistic) to die | |
| reference | Azərbaycanca-rusca lüǧet 2006 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Cantonese Chinese | |
| lexeme 1 | min4 (眠) + wing5 (永) | |
| lexeme 2 | wing5 min4 (永眠) | |
| meaning 1 | to fall asleep + forever | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to die | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Czech | |
| lexeme 1 | usnout | |
| lexeme 2 | usnout na věky | |
| meaning 1 | to fall asleep | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (euphemistic) to pass away | |
| reference | SSJČ | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Danish | |
| lexeme 1 | sove | |
| lexeme 2 | sove ind | |
| meaning 1 | to sleep | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (euphemistic) to die calmly and painlessly | |
| reference | DDO | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Dutch | |
| lexeme 1 | slapen + ont- | |
| lexeme 2 | ontslapen | |
| meaning 1 | to fall asleep + away | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to die | |
| reference | HWNF | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | English | |
| lexeme | fall asleep | |
| meaning 1 | to pass from a state of wakefulness into sleep | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (poetic, euphemistic) to die (often seen on gravestones) | And he kneeled downe, and cried with a loud voice, Lord lay not this sinne to their charge. And when he had said this, he fell asleepe. And Saul was consenting vnto his death. (Acts 7:60. King James Bible) |
| reference | OED English Wiktionary NBARS | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Finnish | |
| lexeme 1 | nukkua + pois | |
| lexeme 2 | nukkua pois | |
| meaning 1 | to sleep + away | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (euphemistic) to pass away | |
| reference | Kielitoimiston sanakirja | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Hungarian | |
| lexeme 1 | szenderül + jobblét | |
| lexeme 2 | jobblétre szenderül | |
| meaning 1 | to fall asleep + better life | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (idiomatic, literary or humorous) to pass away, to die | |
| reference | MEK 1978 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Icelandic | |
| lexeme | sofna | |
| meaning 1 | to fall asleep | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to die | |
| reference | Berkov et al. 1962 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Iron Ossetian | |
| lexeme | ацъынд | |
| meaning 1 | to fall asleep | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to die | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Бигулаев 1970 Осетинско (иронско)-русский словарь |
|
| NEW Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Japanese | |
| lexeme | nemuru (眠る) | |
| meaning 1 | to fall asleep | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (figurative) to die; to be buried | Kiki Kirin-san (kyōnen nanajūgo) ga nemuru Tōkyō-to Minato-ku Kōrin-ji no bozen ni wa, azayaka na pinku iro no chūrippu ga sonaerarete ita. (樹木希林さん（享年 75）が眠る東京都港区・光林寺の墓前には、鮮やかなピンク色のチューリップが供えられていた。) Vivid pink tulips were offered in front of the tomb on Kōrin-ji Temple in Minato-ku, Tokyo, where Mrs. Kirin Kiki (died age 75) is buried. |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Japanese | |
| lexeme 1 | min (眠) + ei (永) | |
| lexeme 2 | eimin (永眠) | |
| meaning 1 | sleep + perpetual; eternal | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to die | |
| reference | BJaRS | |
| comment | eimin suru (永眠する) 'to die, to pass away' |
|
| NEW Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Khakas | |
| lexeme | узирға | |
| meaning 1 | to fall asleep | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to die | |
| reference | Subrakova O. (ed.) 2006 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Korean | |
| lexeme | jada (자다) | |
| meaning 1 | to sleep | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (figurative) to be buried | |
| reference | Krdict | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Mandarin Chinese | |
| lexeme 1 | mián (眠) + yǒng (永) | |
| lexeme 2 | yǒngmián (永眠) | |
| meaning 1 | to fall asleep + forever | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (euphemistic, honorific) to die; to pass away; to rest eternally | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 19 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Modern Greek | |
| lexeme | κοιμάμαι | |
| meaning 1 | to fall asleep | Θέλω να κοιμηθώ αλλά οι διπλανοί κάνουν θόρυβο. I want to sleep but the next door neighbours are making noise. |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (Christianity, Eastern Orthodoxy) (euphemistic, figurative) to repose [in the Lord], to die | Ο άγιος εκοιμήθη στα εξήντα του χρόνια. The saint reposed in the Lord (died) at age sixty. |
| reference | DSMG English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 20 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Norwegian | |
| lexeme | sovne | |
| meaning 1 | to fall asleep | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to die, pass away | sovne inn to die |
| reference | BO | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 22 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Romanian | |
| lexeme | a adormi | |
| meaning 1 | to fall aspleep | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to die (fig.) | |
| reference | DEX98 | |
| comment | DRRS 1, 39, DEX98 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 24 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Swedish | |
| lexeme | somna in | |
| meaning 1 | fall asleep | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | pass away | |
| reference | SAO | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 25 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tamil | |
| lexeme | tuyil- (துயில்-) | |
| meaning 1 | to sleep | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to die | |
| reference | Tamil lexicon | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 26 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tamil | |
| lexeme | tuñcu- (துஞ்சு-) | |
| meaning 1 | to sleep | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to die | |
| reference | Tamil lexicon | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 27 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tamil | |
| lexeme | viḷivu (விளிவு) | |
| meaning 1 | to fall asleep | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to die | |
| reference | Tamil lexicon | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 28 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Turkish | |
| lexeme | hab | |
| meaning 1 | dream (in a sleep) | gaflet hab deep sleep |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | death (metaphorical) | habi adem eternal dream (=death) |
| reference | Baskakov 1977: 371 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 29 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Vietnamese | |
| lexeme | chết | |
| meaning 1 | to fall asleep | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to die | |
| reference | SEAlang Vietnamese | |
| comment | ||
Usually a euphemistic shift. Sleep can be a poetic metaphor for death:
ἣ μὲν ἐπιχθονίοισι φάος πολυδερκὲς ἔχουσα,
ἣ δ᾽ Ὕπνον μετὰ χερσί, κασίγνητον Θανάτοιο.
Νὺξ ὀλοή, νεφέλῃ κεκαλυμμένη ἠεροειδεῖ.
ἔνθα δὲ Νυκτὸς παῖδες ἐρεμνῆς οἰκί᾽ ἔχουσιν,
Ὕπνος καὶ Θάνατος, δεινοὶ θεοί:
'and the one holds all-seeing light for them on earth, but the other holds in her arms Sleep the brother of Death, even evil Night, wrapped in a vaporous cloud. And there the children of dark Night have their dwellings, Sleep and Death, awful gods' Hesiod Theogony 755-759
To die, to sleep; To sleep, perchance to dream—ay, there’s the rub: For in that sleep of death what dreams may come "Hamlet").
In addition to polysemy, the following models exist 'to fall asleep + away', 'to fall asleep + forever', 'to fall asleep in God'.
Variation of this shift 'to sleep' > 'to be dead, to be buried' (Russian И в хрустальном гробе том спит царевна вечным сном 'And in that crystal coffin the princess sleeps in eternal sleep' A. Pushkin "The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights"; Белеют кресты — это герои спят. Прошлого тени кружатся вновь, о жертвах боёв твердят 'The white glow of the crosses – heroes are asleep. The shadows of the past circle around, recalling the victims of battles' song "On the Hills of Manchuria").
Also euphemistic shift 'to put to sleep' > 'to euthanize an animal' (English to put to sleep, Polish usypiać, Russian усыпить, etc.)