Database of Semantic Shifts in numbers and figures
Key Metrics Changes (compared to 2026-09-10)
| Metric | Current Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| Semantic Shifts | 10596 | +14 |
| Realizations | 51788 | +96 |
| Languages | 2434 | 0 |
| Avg realizations per shift RECORD | 4.89 | +0.01 |
| Indo-European % | 39.85% | -0.02 |
| Languages with 100+ realizations | 129 | 0 |
| Shifts with 0-1 realizations | 4013 (37.87%) | -2 |
| Global shifts (all macroareas) | 48 | 0 |
| Multi-area shifts | 2304 | +13 |
| Shift graph consists of | 135 separate graphs; largest: 4635 connected meanings | — |
Status Distribution
Accepted
5342
+37
Single
977
-1
Single*
265
0
New
3874
-21
Accepted*
2
0
Suspended
114
-1
Data Quality
| Single with 2+ realizations (anomaly) | 2 |
| Single* with 2+ realizations (anomaly) | 0 |
| Shifts with 100+ realizations | 29 |
| Threshold for top-30 shifts | 91 realizations |
Language Trends (Top 30)
1
Russian
(2664)
2
Turkish
(1690)
3
English
(1383)
4
Serbian
(934)
5
Latin
(934)
6
Romanian
(925)
7
French
(921)
8
German
(845)
9
Spanish
(818)
10
Ancient Greek
(794)
11
Hungarian
(788)
12
Croatian
(699)
13
Mongolian (Khalkha)
(587)
14
Mandarin Chinese
(557)
15
Classical Arabic
(528)
16
Italian
(515)
17
Sanskrit
(457)
18
Polish
(453)
19
Swedish
(425)
20
Tamil
(421)
21
Ukrainian
(409)
22
Finnish
(405)
23
Czech
(400)
24
Thai
(373)
25
Japanese
(370)
26
Danish
(368)
↑1
27
Armenian
(367)
↓-1
28
Norwegian
(358)
29
Komi
(346)
30
Amharic
(343)
Macro Shift Trends (Top 20 Upper Categories)
By Realizations: Each realization adds +1 to the macroshift count (shifts with more realizations weigh more).
1
Human Beings → Human Beings
(7810)
↑1
Human Beings → Human Beings
1890
Human Beings → Human Beings. Kinship
1336
Human Beings. Kinship → Human Beings
715
Human Beings. Age → Human Beings
512
Human Beings → Human Beings. Social Status
497
2
Animals → Animals
(5772)
↓-1
Animals → Animals
1160
Animals. Mammals → Animals
626
Animals → Animals. Mammals
588
Animals. Mammals → Animals. Mammals
508
Animals → Animals. Birds
259
3
Body Parts → Body Parts
(3471)
↑3
Body Parts → Body Parts
1563
Body Parts. Internal Organs → Body Parts. Internal Organs
479
Body Parts. Internal Organs → Body Parts
438
Body Parts → Body Parts. Animal Body Parts
421
Body Parts. Animal Body Parts → Body Parts
259
4
Plants → Plants
(2135)
↓-1
Plants → Plants
454
Plants. Cultivated Plants → Plants
244
Plants. Cultivated Plants → Plants. Cultivated Plants
243
Plants → Plants. Cultivated Plants
211
Plants. Trees and Shrubs → Plants
198
5
Artifacts → Artifacts
(2110)
↓-1
Artifacts → Artifacts
625
Artifacts. Weapons → Artifacts
134
Artifacts → Artifacts. Devices
102
Artifacts → Artifacts. Tools
96
Artifacts. Tools → Artifacts
86
6
Physical Properties → Physical Properties
(1811)
↓-1
Physical Properties → Physical Properties
590
Physical Properties. Size → Physical Properties
264
Physical Properties. Colour → Physical Properties
148
Physical Properties. Size → Physical Properties. Size
109
Physical Properties → Physical Properties. Size
107
7
Astronomical Objects → Time
(1802)
NEW
Astronomical Objects → Time
1091
Astronomical Objects → Time. Months
500
Astronomical Objects → Time. Days of the week
181
Astronomical Objects → Time. Parts of the day
16
Astronomical Objects → Time. Seasons
14
8
Body Parts → Parts
(1637)
↓-1
Body Parts → Parts
715
Body Parts → Parts. Parts of Artifacts
367
Body Parts → Parts. Parts of Plants
228
Body Parts. Animal Body Parts → Parts
71
Body Parts. Animal Body Parts → Parts. Parts of Plants
68
9
Physical Properties → Evaluation
(1386)
↑2
Physical Properties → Evaluation
808
Physical Properties. Shape → Evaluation
238
Physical Properties. Size → Evaluation
217
Physical Properties. Colour → Evaluation
65
Physical Properties. Light → Evaluation
33
10
Human Beings → Artifacts
(1351)
NEW
Human Beings → Artifacts
347
Human Beings → Artifacts. Game Accessories
347
Human Beings. Social Status → Artifacts. Game Accessories
187
Human Beings. Social Status → Artifacts
175
Human Beings. Professions → Artifacts. Game Accessories
130
11
Time → Time
(1246)
NEW
Time → Time
640
Time. Parts of the day → Time
201
Time. Seasons → Time
105
Time. Days of the week → Time
59
Time → Time. Parts of the day
55
12
Animals → Artifacts
(1088)
↑7
Animals → Artifacts
263
Animals → Artifacts. Game Accessories
107
Animals. Domestic Animals → Artifacts
97
Animals → Artifacts. Devices
95
Animals. Domestic Animals → Artifacts. Game Accessories
77
13
Substances and Materials → Substances and Materials
(1053)
NEW
Substances and Materials → Substances and Materials
1053
14
Human Beings → Animals
(1041)
↓-6
Human Beings → Animals
345
Human Beings. Social Status → Animals
86
Human Beings → Animals. Mammals
74
Human Beings → Animals. Birds
73
Human Beings. Professions → Animals
73
15
Physical Properties → Human Qualities
(1037)
↓-3
Physical Properties → Human Qualities
679
Physical Properties. Shape → Human Qualities
118
Physical Properties. Temperature → Human Qualities
88
Physical Properties. Light → Human Qualities
52
Physical Properties. Colour → Human Qualities
41
16
Animals → Human Beings
(980)
↓-6
Animals → Human Beings
349
Animals. Mammals → Human Beings
135
Animals. Domestic Animals → Human Beings
75
Animals. Birds → Human Beings
58
Animals. Baby Animals → Human Beings
47
17
Artifacts → Body Parts
(971)
↓-4
Artifacts → Body Parts
256
Artifacts → Body Parts. Internal Organs
149
Artifacts → Body Parts. Animal Body Parts
122
Artifacts. Tools → Body Parts. Internal Organs
82
Artifacts. Tools → Body Parts
71
18
Perception → Cognition
(944)
NEW
Perception → Cognition
468
Perception. Auditory → Cognition
229
Perception. Visual → Cognition
209
Perception. Gustatory → Cognition
28
Perception. Olfactory → Cognition
8
19
Animals → Plants
(940)
↓-10
Animals → Plants
198
Animals → Plants. Herbaceous Plants
118
Animals. Mammals → Plants
79
Animals → Plants. Mushrooms
67
Animals. Birds → Plants. Herbaceous Plants
56
20
Perception → Social Actions and Relations
(819)
NEW
Perception → Social Actions and Relations
406
Perception. Auditory → Social Actions and Relations
244
Perception. Visual → Social Actions and Relations
155
Perception. Tactile → Social Actions and Relations
11
Perception. Gustatory → Social Actions and Relations
3
Historical Trends
