Database of Semantic Shifts in numbers and figures
Key Metrics Changes (compared to 2026-07-25)
| Metric | Current Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| Semantic Shifts | 10548 | +2 |
| Realizations | 51359 | +47 |
| Languages | 2428 | 0 |
| Avg realizations per shift RECORD | 4.87 | 0 |
| Indo-European % | 39.78% | +0.02 |
| Languages with 100+ realizations | 129 | 0 |
| Shifts with 0-1 realizations | 4027 (38.18%) | -2 |
| Global shifts (all macroareas) | 48 | 0 |
| Multi-area shifts | 2267 | +1 |
| Shift graph consists of | 137 separate graphs; largest: 4620 connected meanings | — |
Status Distribution
Accepted
5211
+26
Single
983
+2
Single*
270
0
New
3943
-26
Accepted*
2
0
Suspended
116
0
Data Quality
| Single with 2+ realizations (anomaly) | 4 |
| Single* with 2+ realizations (anomaly) | 1 |
| Shifts with 100+ realizations | 29 |
| Threshold for top-30 shifts | 91 realizations |
Language Trends (Top 30)
1
Russian
(2648)
2
Turkish
(1684)
3
English
(1365)
4
Serbian
(927)
5
Romanian
(911)
6
Latin
(907)
7
French
(895)
8
German
(836)
9
Spanish
(813)
10
Ancient Greek
(791)
11
Hungarian
(784)
12
Croatian
(693)
13
Mongolian (Khalkha)
(585)
14
Mandarin Chinese
(550)
15
Classical Arabic
(527)
16
Italian
(510)
17
Sanskrit
(456)
18
Polish
(452)
19
Swedish
(423)
20
Tamil
(420)
21
Ukrainian
(404)
22
Finnish
(400)
23
Czech
(394)
24
Thai
(371)
25
Japanese
(368)
26
Danish
(367)
27
Armenian
(365)
28
Norwegian
(356)
29
Komi
(346)
30
Amharic
(343)
Macro Shift Trends (Top 20 Upper Categories)
By Shifts: Each semantic shift is counted once, regardless of how many realizations it has.
1
Animals → Animals
(1174)
Animals → Animals
241
Animals. Mammals → Animals
125
Animals → Animals. Mammals
106
Animals. Mammals → Animals. Mammals
99
Animals → Animals. Birds
70
2
Human Beings → Human Beings
(940)
Human Beings → Human Beings
194
Human Beings. Kinship → Human Beings
114
Human Beings → Human Beings. Kinship
112
Human Beings. Kinship → Human Beings. Kinship
96
Human Beings → Human Beings. Social Status
62
3
Plants → Plants
(584)
Plants → Plants
115
Plants. Trees and Shrubs → Plants
64
Plants. Trees and Shrubs → Plants. Trees and Shrubs
62
Plants. Cultivated Plants → Plants
50
Plants → Plants. Trees and Shrubs
48
4
Artifacts → Artifacts
(476)
Artifacts → Artifacts
146
Artifacts → Artifacts. Tools
32
Artifacts. Weapons → Artifacts
28
Artifacts. Tools → Artifacts
27
Artifacts → Artifacts. Game Accessories
20
5
Physical Properties → Physical Properties
(365)
Physical Properties → Physical Properties
127
Physical Properties. Size → Physical Properties
41
Physical Properties. Colour → Physical Properties
23
Physical Properties → Physical Properties. Sound
22
Physical Properties → Physical Properties. Size
15
6
Body Parts → Body Parts
(343)
Body Parts → Body Parts
163
Body Parts → Body Parts. Animal Body Parts
42
Body Parts. Animal Body Parts → Body Parts
37
Body Parts. Internal Organs → Body Parts. Internal Organs
30
Body Parts. Internal Organs → Body Parts
29
7
Body Parts → Parts
(319)
Body Parts → Parts
122
Body Parts → Parts. Parts of Artifacts
73
Body Parts → Parts. Parts of Plants
40
Body Parts. Animal Body Parts → Parts
21
Body Parts → Parts. Parts of Buildings
16
8
Human Beings → Animals
(285)
Human Beings → Animals
70
Human Beings → Animals. Birds
25
Human Beings. Professions → Animals
25
Human Beings → Animals. Arthropods
21
Human Beings. Social Status → Animals
19
9
Animals → Plants
(263)
Animals → Plants
53
Animals → Plants. Herbaceous Plants
37
Animals. Mammals → Plants
24
Animals → Plants. Mushrooms
17
Animals. Mammals → Plants. Herbaceous Plants
12
10
Animals → Human Beings
(224)
Animals → Human Beings
64
Animals. Mammals → Human Beings
24
Animals. Birds → Human Beings
15
Animals → Human Beings. Social Status
15
Animals. Domestic Animals → Human Beings
14
11
Physical Properties → Human Qualities
(210)
Physical Properties → Human Qualities
130
Physical Properties. Shape → Human Qualities
25
Physical Properties. Size → Human Qualities
15
Physical Properties. Colour → Human Qualities
13
Physical Properties. Temperature → Human Qualities
13
12
Physical Properties → Evaluation
(206)
Physical Properties → Evaluation
125
Physical Properties. Shape → Evaluation
22
Physical Properties. Size → Evaluation
19
Physical Properties. Colour → Evaluation
19
Physical Properties. Light → Evaluation
10
13
Artifacts → Body Parts
(202)
Artifacts → Body Parts
65
Artifacts → Body Parts. Internal Organs
29
Artifacts → Body Parts. Animal Body Parts
24
Artifacts. Tools → Body Parts
15
Artifacts. Tools → Body Parts. Animal Body Parts
10
14
Artifacts → Animals
(201)
Artifacts → Animals
50
Artifacts. Tools → Animals
20
Artifacts → Animals. Invertebrates
16
Artifacts → Animals. Arthropods
16
Artifacts. Weapons → Animals
11
15
Physical Actions → Physical Actions
(193)
Physical Actions → Physical Actions
193
16
Body Parts → Artifacts
(184)
Body Parts → Artifacts
67
Body Parts. Animal Body Parts → Artifacts
22
Body Parts → Artifacts. Tools
15
Body Parts → Artifacts. Clothes and Footwear
10
Body Parts → Artifacts. Weapons
10
17
Body Parts → Geography
(178)
Body Parts → Geography
68
Body Parts → Geography. Terrain
42
Body Parts → Geography. Coastal Landforms
18
Body Parts → Geography. Water bodies
15
Body Parts. Animal Body Parts → Geography
12
18
Physical Actions → Social Actions and Relations
(166)
Physical Actions → Social Actions and Relations
166
19
Animals → Artifacts
(163)
Animals → Artifacts
38
Animals. Birds → Artifacts
13
Animals → Artifacts. Devices
10
Animals → Artifacts. Game Accessories
8
Animals. Arthropods → Artifacts
8
20
Physical Properties → Animals
(158)
Physical Properties → Animals
30
Physical Properties. Colour → Animals
25
Physical Properties. Colour → Animals. Birds
12
Physical Properties. Colour → Animals. Mammals
12
Physical Properties → Animals. Birds
12
Historical Trends
