-
Comment
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Lezgian | |
| Lexeme | qːuža | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | (LezgRus 191). The same in Tabassaran (ГЪУЖА), cf. (TabRus 114). | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Cognates | |
| Language 1 | Yugh | |
| Language 2 | Kott | |
| Lexeme 1 | xa-čit | |
| Lexeme 2 | hat-kīt | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Старостин 1995, 214 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Nganasan | |
| Lexeme | бǝйкаʔа | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | NMS: 169 Kosterkina, Momde, Ždanova 2001: 29 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tuvan | |
| Lexeme | ашак | |
| Meaning 1 | an aged man, an old man | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | ашак-кадай болчур to be married |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Yakut | |
| Lexeme 1 | оҕонньор | |
| Lexeme 2 | оҕонньорум | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | Slepcov 1972 SakhaTyla.Ru | |
| Comment | possesive form 1 sg. 'my old man' |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Udihe | |
| Lexeme | мафа | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Кормушин 1998, 259 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Erzya | |
| Lexeme | атя | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ЭрзРС 63 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Tamil | |
| Lexeme 1 | kiẓavan̠ | |
| Lexeme 2 | maṉaikkiẓavaṉ | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | "Husband, as master of the house", literary "the old man of the house" |
| Reference | Tamil lexicon: 3318 | |
| Comment | Also: posssibly, the same semantic shift is realised in polysemy "kiẓavaṉ" (Tamil lexicon, 936): there are meanings (1) 'owner, lord, husband' and (2) 'old man'. However, the dictionary considers it as homonymy. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Pengo | |
| Lexeme | ḍokra | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | Burrow-Bhattacharya's Pengo: 210 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Manda | |
| Lexeme 1 | buṛa | |
| Lexeme 2 | buṛa-buḍya | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | husband (in the compound form "husband and wife")" | |
| Reference | Ramakrishna Manda: 107 | |
| Comment | compound | |
| NEW Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Selkup | |
| Lexeme | ара | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | Consolidated Selkup | |
| Comment | Narym dialect |
|
| NEW Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik | |
| Lexeme | aŋun | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | (informally) husband | |
| Reference | Fortescue et al. 2010: 38 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tabassaran | |
| Lexeme | гъужа | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | TabRus: 114 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Ulchi | |
| Lexeme | мапа | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | SSTM: 1, 531 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Orok | |
| Lexeme | мапа | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | SSTM: 1, 531 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Nanai | |
| Lexeme | мапа, мафа | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | SSTM: 1, 531 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Forest Nenets | |
| Lexeme | вӭʼʼкку | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | Barmič, Vèllo 2002: 24 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Kaingang | |
| Lexeme | kɔΦa | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 19 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Khinalug | |
| Lexeme | инхъаьрду | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 20 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Mandarin Chinese | |
| Lexeme | lǎogōng (老公) | |
| Meaning 1 | (literary) elderly person | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | (colloquial) husband | |
| Reference | BKRS English Wiktionary | |
| Comment | From lǎo 'old, aged' and gōng 'honorable' |
|
| NEW Realization 21 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Khanty | |
| Lexeme 1 | iki | |
| Lexeme 2 | iki | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | Tereshkin 1981 | |
| Comment | восточно-хантыйский
iki (вах-васюганское наречие, сургутское
наречие), ikə (салымский диалект) '1. старик; 2.
мужчина; 3. муж, супруг' [Терешкин 1981: 52] |
|
| NEW Realization 22 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tuvan | |
| Lexeme | ашак | |
| Meaning 1 | elderly man | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 23 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tongan | |
| Lexeme | motuʔa | |
| Meaning 1 | old or elderly person, or elder; male person of any age (even a baby) when one is speaking in a derogatory way | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | ACD | |
| Comment | derogatory synonym for mali 'husband' |
|
| NEW Realization 24 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Rennellese | |
| Lexeme | matuʔa | |
| Meaning 1 | to be or grow old; to be or become mature | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | husband, family head | |
| Reference | ACD | |
| Comment | Also 'landholder, worshipper, especially the priest-chief' |
|
| NEW Realization 25 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Anuta | |
| Lexeme | matua | |
| Meaning 1 | adult, mature | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | ACD | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 26 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Ilocano | |
| Lexeme | lakáy | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | ACD | |
| Comment | Also colloquial term of address between males. From Proto-West-Malayo-Polynesian *lakay 'grandfather'. |
|
| NEW Realization 27 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Dupaningan Agta | |
| Lexeme | lá-lakay | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | ACD | |
| Comment | From Proto-West-Malayo-Polynesian *lakay 'grandfather' | |
| NEW Realization 28 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Casiguran Dumagat | |
| Lexeme | lakáy | |
| Meaning 1 | old man (also used as a vocative in addressing old men); to become old, of male humans | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | ACD | |
| Comment | From Proto-West-Malayo-Polynesian *lakay 'grandfather' |
|
| NEW Realization 29 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tatar | |
| Lexeme | карт | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | husband (addressing older women to their husbands) | |
| Reference | Asylgaraev, Ganiev et al. (eds.) 2007: 1, 540 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 30 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Hopi | |
| Lexeme | wuutaqa | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | Albert, Shaul 1985: 108 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 31 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tucano | |
| Lexeme | bɨkɨ | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | Ramirez 2019: 19-20 | |
| Comment | bɨkɨó 'wife' |
|
| NEW Realization 32 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Chʼol | |
| Lexeme 1 | ñox | |
| Lexeme 2 | ñoxi'al | |
| Meaning 1 | old | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | Aulie, Aulie 2009: 65 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 33 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Koasati | |
| Lexeme | atcó:ba | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | husband (affectionate address) | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | Geoffrey D. Kimball; Bel Abbey; Martha John; Ruth Poncho Koasati Dictionary 1994 22 |
|
| NEW Realization 34 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Alabama | |
| Lexeme | naanichòoba | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | Alabama dictionary | |
| Comment | Also imaatchòoba 'husband ' achòoba ' to be old, mature, be a senior citizen, be elderly; to be old and worn out' |
|
| NEW Realization 35 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Aleut | |
| Lexeme | aligaanguusi-ng | |
| Meaning 1 | my old man | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | Bergsland 1994: 54 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 36 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Yir Yoront | |
| Lexeme | morr-karntl | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | Barry Alpher Yir-Yoront Lexicon. Sketch and Dictionary of an Australian Language. 1991. 156 |
|
| NEW Realization 37 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Mairasi | |
| Lexeme | janavwer | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | Peckham: 191 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 38 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Masai | |
| Lexeme | mórùò | |
| Meaning 1 | old man, elder | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | Doris L. Payne & Leonard Ole-Kotikash Maa(Maasai)-English Dictionary - Kenyan Southern Maasai, Samburu 2008 |
|
| NEW Realization 39 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Tikopia | |
| Lexeme 1 | maatua | |
| Lexeme 2 | matuua | |
| Meaning 1 | aged; elder, elders | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | POLLEX-Online | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 40 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Vaeakau-Taumako (Pileni) | |
| Lexeme | matua | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | POLLEX-Online | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 41 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Khmer | |
| Lexeme | bɑɑŋ (បង) | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | you (addresing by wife to husband) | |
| Reference | SEAlang Khmer | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 42 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Naxi | |
| Lexeme | ellomul | |
| Meaning 1 | old man (not considered polite) | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | husband (used in a humorous way) | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | from ello 'parental grandfather' 孙堂茂 纳西汉英词典 Sun Tangmao (ed.) Naxi-Chinese-English dictionary homas M. Pinson. — 昆明：云南民族出版社，2012 116 |
|
| NEW Realization 43 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | English | |
| Lexeme | old man | |
| Meaning 1 | elderly man | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | (slang) husband, or male significant other, irrespective of age | “ […] Now if that thing is balling—and your old lady or your old man is off somewhere flashing and doesn't want to be touched—well, you get put down on acid, you can be on a bummer for months.” (1968, Joan Didion, “Slouching Towards Bethlehem”) |
| Reference | English Wiktionary | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 44 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Polish | |
| Lexeme | stary | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | (slang, derogatory) husband | Babka niespodziewanie roześmiała się. - Oj ty, stary, stary! - powiedziała do męża, kiwając pobłażliwie głową, po czym zwróciła się do Julka [...]. NKJP: Irena Jurgielewiczowa: Ten obcy, 1990 |
| Reference | WSJP | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 45 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Swedish | |
| Lexeme | gubbe | |
| Meaning 1 | (informal, sometimes derogatory) an older or elderly man | Gå rakt fram, mot gubbarna där borta. Go straight ahead, towards those old men over there. |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | (informal) one's husband | Jag gick till teatern med min gubbe. I went to the theatre with my husband. |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 46 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Latvian | |
| Lexeme | vecis | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | viņa dēla rīcību pārstāstīja vēlreiz vecim she told (her) son's actions once more to (her) husband |
| Reference | English Wiktionary | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 47 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Spanish | |
| Lexeme | viejo | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | (Mexico) a male sexual companion or partner, occasional or stable; husband | |
| Reference | English Wiktionary | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 48 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Borrowing | |
| Language 1 | Russian | |
| Language 2 | Udmurt | |
| Lexeme | старик | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | (dialect) husband | мынам старике со This is my husband |
| Reference | Kirillova 2008 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 49 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Gagauz | |
| Lexeme | koca | |
| Meaning 1 | aged, old | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | Gagauzça-rusça-romınca sözlük = Гагаузско-русско-румынский словарь = Dicţionar găgăuz-rus-român / Fundaţia pentru susţinerea şi dezvoltarea ştiinţei şi culturii găgăuzilor "CAINAC"; alcăt. P. Cebotari, I. Dron. - Ch.: PONTOS, 2002 |
|
| NEW Realization 50 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Meadow Mari | |
| Lexeme | кугыза | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | Шӱдӧ ияш шоҥго кугыза лийын колаш возам гынат, тиде касым нигунамат ом мондо. (even when) I will become a hundred years old and lie down to die, but I will never forget this evening. |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | – Кугызат кушто? Мом тынаре вучыкта? – авай деч Опанас йодо. (Остап Тыныш) Тыште куваж ден кугызаже тӧр улыт. (Яныш Ялкайн) - Where is the husband? Why he makes (us) wait so long? Opanas asked my mother. Here (in the city) wife and husband are equal. |
| Reference | Marij jylme muter | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 51 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tver Karelian | |
| Lexeme | ukko | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | Punžina 1994: 318 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 52 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Livvi-Karelian | |
| Lexeme | ukko | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | Makarov 1990: 403 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 53 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Karelian | |
| Lexeme | ukko | |
| Meaning 1 | old man, grandfather | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | husband | |
| Reference | Zajkov, Rugoeva 1999: 195 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 54 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme | старик | |
| Meaning 1 | old man | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | (dialect) husband | |
| Reference | ESSJa: 41, 69 | |
| Comment | ||