Navarro 2013
Navarro, Eduardo de Almeida (2013), “esá-arugûá”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil, São Paulo: Global
Realizations (108)
| Shift | Language | Lexeme | Source | Target | Page | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #2662 | Old Tupian | po | hand | → | (Late Tupi) five | page 30, column 2 |
| #3981 | Old Tupian | gûarugûá | (Late Tupi) mirror | → | (Língua Geral Amazônica) spectacles | 117, column 2 |
| #3700 | Old Tupian | 'y | water | → | river | 513, columns 1–2 |
| #2804 | Old Tupian | itaîuba | gold | → | money | 192, column 2 |
| #821 | Old Tupian | îub | yellow | → | gold | 192, column 2 |
| #9546 | Old Tupian | îub | yellow | → | (Late Tupi) blonde | 196, columns 1–2 |
| #7404 | Old Tupian | itá | stone (material) | → | iron | 191-192 |
| #5339 | Old Tupian | itá | iron | → | metal | 191-192 |
| #5362 | Old Tupian | itá | iron | → | (Late Tupi) chains; shackles (restraint fit over a human or animal appendage) | 191-192 |
| #2221 | Old Tupian | okena | door | → | cover, lid | 359, , column 2 |
| #5040 | Old Tupian | 'yba | stalk (stem or main axis of a plant) | → | handle; shaft (part of an object held in the hand when used or moved) | 514-515 |
| #7687 | Old Tupian | 'yba | tree | → | plant (biol.) | 514-515 |
| #10186 | Old Tupian | 'yba | stalk (stem or main axis of a plant) | → | tree | 514-515 |
| #7206 | Old Tupian | ybyrá | tree | → | stick (n.) | 520, columns 1–2 |
| #599 | Old Tupian | ybyrá | tree | → | wood, timber | 520, columns 1–2 |
| #9428 | Old Tupian | ybyrá | tree | → | (Christianity) cross | 520, columns 1–2 |
| #10189 | Old Tupian | 'yba | stalk (stem or main axis of a plant) | → | origin; beginning; start | 514-515 |
| #10190 | Old Tupian | 'yba | stalk (stem or main axis of a plant) | → | bottom; lowest part of something | 514-515 |
| #10191 | Old Tupian | 'yba | stalk (stem or main axis of a plant) | → | guide (someone who guides); leader; master; commander; (Late Tupi) conductor (person who conducts an orchestra, choir or other music ensemble) | 514-515 |
| #10189 | Old Tupian | ypy | stalk; tree trunk | ← | origin; beginning; start | 531-532 |
| #7268 | Old Tupian | sy | mother | → | (figurative) origin; beginning | 450, column 1 |
| #8843 | Old Tupian | ybaka | sky | → | (Christianity) heaven | 515, column 2 |
| #10192 | Old Tupian | tupã | thunder | → | Tupian deity, the personification of thunder; (Late Tupi, Christianity) God | 482, column 2 |
| #10193 | Old Tupian | ybyku'i | sand | → | (Língua Geral Amazônica, metonymic) beach | 519, column 2 |
| #10194 | Old Tupian | yby | earth, soil | → | sand | 519, column 2 |
| #10195 | Old Tupian | 'a | fruit | — | head | 3, column 1 |
| #10196 | Old Tupian | 'a | head | → | glans penis | 3, column 1 |
| #10197 | Old Tupian | 'a | head | → | term of address to a man | 3, column 1 |
| #5355 | Old Tupian | okena | door | — | window | 359, , column 2 |
| #6236 | Old Tupian | oka | mouth | → | door | 359, , column 2 |
| #1219 | Old Tupian | pira | skin (of an animal) | → | skin (of a person) | 384, columns 1–2 |
| #920 | Old Tupian | 'ar | to be born | → | to happen | 57, columns 1-2 |
| #2259 | Old Tupian | 'ar | to fall down | → | to be born | 57, columns 1-2 |
| #10198 | Old Tupian | atá | fire | → | smoke | 68, column 2 |
| #7466 | Old Tupian | 'ara | weather | → | (Língua Geral Amazônica) season | 57-58 |
| #1007 | Old Tupian | day | sun | — | day | 57-58 |
| #2372 | Old Tupian | 'ara | day | → | 24 hours | 57-58 |
| #48 | Old Tupian | 'ara | air | → | weather | 57-58 |
| #1656 | Old Tupian | 'ara | day | — | weather | 57-58 |
| #4356 | Old Tupian | 'ara | sun | — | weather | 57-58 |
| #3876 | Old Tupian | 'ara | world | — | weather | 57-58 |
| #109 | Old Tupian | 'ara | time | — | opportunity | 57-58 |
| #53 | Old Tupian | 'ara | time | — | weather | 57-58 |
| #3986 | Old Tupian | 'ara | sun | — | time | 57-58 |
| #7724 | Old Tupian | 'ara | day | — | time | 57-58 |
| #9515 | Old Tupian | putuna | night | — | black | 421, column 2 |
| #470 | Old Tupian | esá | eye | → | vision; sight | 117, columns 1–2 |
| #1664 | Old Tupian | oby | blue | — | green | 355, column 2 |
| #4119 | Old Tupian | tagûá | yellow earth, red earth | → | (Língua Geral Amazônica) yellow | 456, column 1 |
| #10201 | Old Tupian | reîkeaba | entry, place to enter | → | West | |
| #10202 | Old Tupian | sembaba | exit, place to exit | → | East | |
| #7335 | Old Tupian | kûarasy | sun | → | (Língua Geral Amazônica) dry season | |
| #7336 | Old Tupian | kûarasy | sun | → | summer | 236 |
| #6283 | Old Tupian | a'yra | son of a man | → | fraternal nephew (son of one's brother) | 75, column 2 |
| #10206 | Old Tupian | putu'u | rest | → | (Língua Geral Amazônica) Sunday | 413, column 2 |
| #1853 | Old Tupian | putu | breath | → | to rest | 413, column 2 |
| #3954 | Old Tupian | nhe'enga | word | — | language | 337, columns 1–2 |
| #3675 | Old Tupian | nhe'enga | word | → | speech | 337, columns 1–2 |
| #5395 | Old Tupian | papera | paper | — | book (n.) | XXXVI, column 1 |
| #699 | Old Tupian | papera | paper | — | letter (text) | XXXVI, column 1 |
| #10207 | Old Tupian | kûatiara | book (n.) | — | letter (character) | 237, column 2 |
| #10208 | Old Tupian | paranã | river | → | sea | 372, column 1 |
| #10210 | Old Tupian | îagûara | jaguar | → | (Late Tupi) dog | 153–154 |
| #226 | Old Tupian | peb | wide (having a large physical extent from side to side) | — | flat (having the same height at all places) | 376, column 1 |
| #4537 | Old Tupian | pytera | middle, centre | → | middle finger | 406, column 2 |
| #4518 | Old Tupian | pobe'eng | to point | → | index finger | 406, column 2 |
| #2981 | Old Tupian | mirĩ | small | → | little finger | 406, column 2 |
| #10211 | Old Tupian | pûãmytera | middle finger | → | ring finger | 406, column 2 |
| #2047 | Old Tupian | gûasu | big | → | thumb | 406-407 |
| #10214 | Old Tupian | pó | hand | → | ten | 360, column 2 |
| #10215 | Old Tupian | sapukaî | to shout, scream | → | to become angry | 438, column 1 |
| #7268 | Old Tupian | sy | mother | → | (figurative) origin; beginning | 450, column 1 |
| #6660 | Old Tupian | ugûy | blood | → | menstruation | 495, column 1 |
| #6178 | Old Tupian | tapi'ira | cattle (Bos taurus) | ← | tapir (Tapirus terrestris) | 62–463 |
| #3980 | Old Tupian | y | water | → | broth | 513, column 1 |
| #1457 | Old Tupian | ûyrapara | bow (weapon) | → | (Língua Geral Amazônica) rainbow | 505, column 1 |
| #5462 | Old Tupian | îasytatá | star | → | starfish | 163, column 2 |
| #10216 | Old Tupian | îasy | moon | → | star | 163, column 2 |
| #856 | Old Tupian | îasy | moon | → | (Late Tupi) month | 163, column 2 |
| #6744 | Old Tupian | pûer | old (vs. new) | → | ex; former; then (previously but no longer) | 408-409 |
| #3234 | Old Tupian | angaturama | generous | ← | nobleman; superior (man of higher rank or quality) | 38–39 |
| #211 | Old Tupian | 'anga | shadow | → | reflection (in the mirror, water) | 37, columns 1–2 |
| #9833 | Old Tupian | 'anga | shadow, reflection | → | (Late Tupi, Christianity) soul (spirit or essence of a person) | 37, columns 1–2 |
| #10221 | Old Tupian | 'anga | shadow, reflection | → | echo | 37, columns 1–2 |
| #3728 | Old Tupian | ratá | fire | → | (Christianity, Late Tupi) hell | 39, column 2 |
| #44 | Old Tupian | 'ekatu | to know how to | — | can (be permitted or enabled to) | 181, column 2 |
| #9885 | Old Tupian | 'ybaaîa | orange (plant) | ← | lemon; lime | 515, column 2 |
| #9887 | Old Tupian | aî | sour | → | (Late Tupi) lemon; lime | 515, column 2 |
| #6541 | Old Tupian | rem | stinky | → | garlic (Allium sativum) | 516, column 2 |
| #6661 | Old Tupian | 'e | to say | → | to mean; to signify (to convey a meaning) | 149–150 |
| #2409 | Old Tupian | ãîa | tooth | → | (archery) tip of a wooden arrow | 15, column 2 |
| #5350 | Old Tupian | taîasu | collared peccary (Pecari tajacu); (Late Tupi, hapax legomenon) white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) | → | (Late Tupi) domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica) | 248–249 |
| #3600 | Old Tupian | o'o | meat; flesh (muscle tissue of an animal) | → | body | 360, column 2 |
| #563 | Old Tupian | abá | man (male) | — | human, person | 5–6 |
| #8707 | Old Tupian | abá | human, person | → | someone | 5-6 |
| #3667 | Old Tupian | abá | human, person | → | (strictly) Indigenous person | 5–6 |
| #5684 | Old Tupian | 'ybaremusu | onion | ← | garlic (Allium sativum) | 516, column 2 |
| #582 | Old Tupian | ikó | to live, reside | — | to be (indicates location in space) | |
| #10225 | Old Tupian | gûasem | to arrive by land | → | to find | 136, column 1 |
| #7905 | Old Tupian | aoba | cloth (a piece of fabric) | → | clothes | 42, column 2 |
| #7904 | Old Tupian | aoba | textile, cloth | → | sail (n.) | 42, column 2 |
| #7906 | Old Tupian | aoba | clothes | — | dress (feminine) | 42, column 2 |
| #8982 | Old Tupian | aob | to cover | → | clothes; clothing | 42, column 2 |
| #3256 | Old Tupian | ro'y | winter | ← | cold; coldness (lack of heat) | 430, column 2 |
| #2373 | Old Tupian | ro'y | (chiefly São Vicente) winter | → | (chiefly São Vicente) year | 430, column 2 |
| #7414 | Old Tupian | itá | stone (material) | → | (Late Tupi, loosely) metal | 191-192 |
| #3337 | Old Tupian | kaba | fat (specialized animal tissue with high lipid content) | → | cream (oily part of milk) | 210, column 2 |
| #10431 | Old Tupian | a'e | (nonvisible) that; those | → | he, she, it | 10-11 |